A5034042647- GNSS positioning and interference
- Mobile Agent-Based Network Management
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Advanced Authentication Protocols Security
- Cryptographic Implementations and Security
- Wireless Communication Networks Research
- IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security
- Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies
- Inertial Sensor and Navigation
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Satellite Communication Systems
- Distributed systems and fault tolerance
- User Authentication and Security Systems
- Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
- Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Network Time Synchronization Technologies
- Law, logistics, and international trade
- Space Technology and Applications
- Algorithms and Data Compression
- Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology
- Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms
- Access Control and Trust
European Commission
2016-2025
Directorate-General for Research and Innovation
2022-2024
KU Leuven
2023
Aalborg University
2016
GNSS vulnerabilities have become evident in the last decade. Authentication of signals and data can be an important building block contributing to mitigating these vulnerabilities. This paper presents a Navigation Message (NMA) scheme based on Timed Efficient Stream Loss-tolerant (TESLA) protocol novel concept single one-way chain for all senders cross-authentication. The NMA implementation Galileo Open Service (OS) navigation message that should provide similar performance...
Abstract The High Accuracy Service (HAS) is an upcoming addition to the Galileo service portfolio that offers free correction data for precise point positioning in real-time. Beyond terrestrial and aeronautical applications, orbit determination (POD) of satellites low Earth (LEO) has been proposed as a potential use case HAS corrections view their global availability. Based on collected during test campaign September 2021, benefit assessed real-time, onboard navigation well near real-time...
Abstract The Galileo high accuracy service (HAS) is a free-of-charge designed to deliver decimeter-level in real-time precise point positioning (PPP) applications using global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). With the intention of facilitating use HAS corrections with open access tools, we present open-source library named HASlib and its integration another RTKLIB. decodes Reed–Solomon encoded E6 data pages outputs commonly used formats. This enables utilization conventional GNSS...
A key aspect to be considered in the design of new generations global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals and receivers is a proper partition between receiver contribution robustness against spoofing attacks. This article maps current threats vulnerabilities GNSS presents survey recent defenses, focusing on cryptographic solutions suitable authenticate civil signals. Future perspectives trends are analyzed, with particular emphasis spreading code authentication techniques, as...
Abstract Precise point positioning (PPP) and real-time kinematic techniques are interesting in several sectors, especially for autonomous applications. These users have high accuracy needs coupled with stringent requirements on continuity, availability, integrity, convergence time, whose satisfaction can be challenging harsh environments. Galileo launched January 2023 the initial service (HAS), a European free-of-charge PPP worldwide coverage transmitted E6 signals provided through an...
<h3>Abstract</h3> Taking the work conducted by global navigation satellite system (GNSS) software-defined radio (SDR) working group during last decade as a seed, this contribution summarizes, for first time, history of GNSS SDR development. This report highlights selected implementations and achievements that are available to public or influenced general development SDR. Aspects related standardization process intermediate-frequency sample data metadata discussed, an update Institute...
A semiassisted global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) authentication concept is proposed, with two main advantages. First, it can be implemented in a GNSS without modifications to the signal plan, provided that transmit an encrypted and open unpredictable verifiable bits regularly. Second, work receiver for up several days any assistance or possession of private key, at expense some latency. In this concept, parts transmitted future are re-encrypted, published, downloaded receiver. Some...
To ensure the authenticity of navigation data, Galileo Open Service message authentication (OSNMA) requires loose synchronization between receiver clock and system time. This means that during period calibrations, error needs to be smaller than a pre-defined threshold, currently up 165s for OSNMA. On other hand, relying on PVT solution steer or correct its bias may not possible since this would depend very same signals we intend authenticate. work aims investigate causes frequency accuracy...
As drones are being increasingly used in liability and safety related applications, the trust that can be put information they reporting, particular regarding their position, is becoming crucial. This paper demonstrates, using real data collected on-board a drone, how Galileo navigation authentication service contribute to increase robustness of position reported.
Abstract The Galileo high accuracy service (HAS) is a new capability of the European global navigation satellite system, currently providing orbit and clock corrections dispersive effects such as instrumental biases for code phase. In its full capability, HAS will also correct ionospheric delay on continental scale (initially over Europe). We analyze real-time correction system based fast precise point positioning (F-PPP), potential application to HAS. F-PPP model assessed through 281-day...
Data and signal authentication schemes are being proposed to address Global Navigation Satellite Systems' (GNSS) vulnerability spoofing. Due the low power of their signals, bandwidth available for in GNSS is scarce. Since delayed-disclosure protocols, e.g., TESLA (timed-efficient stream loss-tolerant authentication), efficient terms robust impairments, they have been implemented by GNSS. The length message codes (MACs) cryptographic keys two crucial aspects protocol design as an impact on...
<h3>Abstract</h3> This paper presents and reviews the main existing open specifications for PPP/PPP-RTK services, including satellite navigation providers (QZSS, Galileo, BeiDou, GLONASS) other industrial or scientific initiatives (RTCM, SAP-CORDA, 3GPP, IGS). To structure comparison, we adapted services to well-known OSI model defined them according their properties in communication layers. We show how proposed formats relate current standards, mainly RTCM SSR CSSR, what differences...
Taking the work conducted by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Software Defined Radio (SDR) working group during last decade as a seed, this contribution summarizes for first time history of GNSS SDR development. It highlights selected implementations and achievements that are available to public or influenced general The relation standardization process Intermediate Frequency (IF) sample data metadata is discussed, recent update Institute (ION) standard recapitulated. focuses on...
Combining Assisted Commercial Authentication Service (ACAS) with additional algorithms, in particular Vestigial Signal Search (VSS), and processing the receiver, significantly enhances defenses against advanced spoofing attacks, including any form of meaconing. This paper compares two VSS strategies applied to Galileo ACAS. In first one, vestigial signal is searched across all uncertainty period, defined by receiver loose time synchronization parameter, which can go up several seconds....
The Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) is progressively reaching its maturity level and preliminary tests with live corrections broadcast through the E6B Signal in Space (SiS) were conducted Summer 2021. This paper describes a possible implementation of HAS decoder, which able to convert raw bits signals into actual corrections. decoder groups different pages according their Message IDentifier (MID). When number collected equal message size, can finally invert Reed-Solomon encoding scheme...
The European Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Galileo, is currently developing and implementing new added-value services aiming to provide increased security robustness against malicious attacks (e.g. spoofing), like Open Service Message Authentication (OSNMA), authenticate the data symbols, or Commercial (CAS), ranging signal. This paper analyses impact, from a signal-level performance, of different parameters involved in service definition Assisted (ACAS) mode, presents some...
The upcoming Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) will provide decimeter-level Precise Point Positioning (PPP) corrections free of charge. HAS are High-Parity Vertical Reed–Solomon encoded on the E6 navigation data in a format reminiscent but not identical to many State Space Representation (SSR) formats. In this paper we present HASlib which is an open-source library intended facilitate use R&D purposes. decodes frames and outputs RTCM 3 or IGS SSR formats, as configured by user. This makes...
Galileo is studying the addition of Navigation Message Authentication (NMA) to its Open Service. NMA cryptographic data mostly unpredictable, and this unpredictability can provide certain protection against replay attacks, depending on user environment how signal processed in receiver. This paper first characterises symbol unpredictability, which depends packaged within I/NAV message, bits are coded into symbols subsequenly interleaved. Next, a method proposed preliminarily characterised. By...
Autonomous transportation requires high accuracy positioning and, when the receiver is in safety critical operations, solution needs to be robust external threats and reliable from an integrity point of view (i.e. internal threats). Precise Point Positioning (PPP) services may not only satisfy demanding but beneficial also for applications: using fast corrections increase help detect or mitigate effects satellite faults. Even if PPP message does include information, a developing autonomous...