Biological control of pests by natural enemies is a major ecosystem service delivered to agriculture worldwide. Quantifying and predicting its effectiveness at large spatial scales critical for increased sustainability agricultural production. Landscape complexity known benefit enemies, but effects on interactions between the consequences crop damage yield are unclear. Here, we show that pest landscape scale driven differences in enemy across landscapes, rather than individual guilds. In...

Abstract (1) Land‐use intensification in agricultural landscapes has led to changes the way habitats and resources are distributed space. Pests their natural enemies influenced by these changes, farming intensity of crop fields. However, it is unknown whether composition (amount diversity land cover types) or configuration (spatial arrangement more important for enemy diversity, how they impact damage yields. In addition, effects interactions between local practices (organic vs....

Abstract We examine cost and nutrient use efficiency of farms determine the to move nutrient‐efficient operation using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with a dataset 96 rice in Gangwon province South Korea from 2003 2007. Our findings show that improvements technical would result both lower production costs better environmental performance. It is, however, not costless for their current environmentally efficient operation. On average, this movement increase by 119% but benefit water system...

The European Union's Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 seeks to protect 30% of land, with 10% under strict protection, while building a transnational nature network. We explore the effects targets land use and ecosystem services across system. To do so, we propose novel approach, combining methodological framework improving green network connectivity an EU-wide system model. identify improved EU protected areas consistent targets, its different levels protection in range paired climatic...

Abstract Increasing bioenergy production is a significant component of European efforts to mitigate climate change, but has contested potential for reducing emissions. We use an integrated land system model explore the effects large-scale within Union on carbon balances. find that increased crop likely cause substantial deforestation and commensurate loss associated stocks largely due displacement food from other areas. Deforestation would occur either EU if forests were not protected, or in...

Aphids are a major concern in agricultural crops worldwide, and control by natural enemies is an essential component of the ecological intensification agriculture. Although complexity landscapes known to influence pests, few studies have measured degree pest different enemy guilds across gradients landscape complexity. Here, we use multiple natural-enemy exclosures replicated 18 fields gradient investigate (1) strength landscapes, as difference between pressure presence absence enemies; (2)...

Cultural ecosystem services provide intangible benefits such as recreation and aesthetic enjoyment but are difficult to quantify compared provisioning or regulating services. Recent technologies offer alternative indicators, social media data, identify popular locations their features. This study demonstrates how large volumes of citizen science data can be analyzed reveal patterns human interactions with nature through unconventional, scalable methods. By applying spatial statistical...

Abstract. Watershed-scale modeling can be a valuable tool to aid in quantification of water quality and yield; however, several challenges remain. In many watersheds, it is difficult adequately quantify hydrologic partitioning. Data scarcity prevalent, accuracy spatially distributed meteorology quantify, forest encroachment land use issues are common, surface groundwater abstractions substantially modify watershed-based processes. Our objective assess the capability Soil Water Assessment...

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Human land use has placed enormous pressure on natural resources and ecosystems worldwide may even prompt socio-ecological collapses under some circumstances. Efforts to avoid such are hampered by a lack of knowledge about when they occur how be prevented. Computational models that illuminate potential future developments in the system invaluable tools this context. While widely used project biophysical changes, currently less...

Abstract. Grasslands are an important part of pre-Alpine and Alpine landscapes. Despite the economic value significant role grasslands in carbon nitrogen (N) cycling, spatially explicit information on grassland biomass quality is rarely available. Remotely sensed data from unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) satellites might be option to overcome this gap. Our study aims investigate potential low-cost UAS-based multispectral sensors for estimating above-ground (dry matter, DM) plant N...

Abstract Bumblebees are important pollinators but suffering from population declines due to land use intensification and climate change. In‐depth knowledge of species' relationships with different variables is invaluable guide conservation efforts, as well enable predictions be made about the impacts future changes in these variables. Here we 10 years bumblebee abundance data UK, collected by citizen scientists part BeeWalk scheme, investigate associations between 14 species various use,...

Abstract The EU Biodiversity strategy aims to plant 3 billion trees by 2030, in order improve ecosystem restoration and biodiversity. Here, we compute the land area that would be required support this number of newly planted taking account different tree species planting regimes across member states. We find require a total between 0.81 1.37 Mha (avg. 1.02 Mha). historic forest expansion since 2010 was 2.44 Mha, meaning despite sounding like large target is considerably lower than...

Fractional green vegetation cover (FVC) is a useful indicator for monitoring grassland status. Satellite imagery with coarse spatial but high temporal resolutions has been preferred to monitor seasonal and inter-annual FVC dynamics in wide geographic area such as Mongolian steppe. However, the resolution can cause certain uncertainty satellite-based estimation, which calls attention develop robust statistical test relationship between field satellite-derived indices. In arid semi-arid...

Abstract. Detailed data on land use and cover constitute important information for Earth system models, environmental monitoring ecosystem services research. Global products are evolving rapidly; however, there is still a lack of particularly heterogeneous agricultural landscapes. We censused field by in the mosaic catchment Haean South Korea. recorded types with additional practice. In this paper we introduce data, their collection post-processing protocol. Furthermore, because it to...

Abstract Land-based mitigation, particularly through afforestation, reforestation and avoided deforestation, is an important component of the Paris Agreement to limit average global temperature increases between 1.5 °C 2 °C. However, specific actions that would ensure sufficient carbon sequestration in forests remain unclear, as do their trade-offs against other land-based objectives. We use a regional integrated assessment model identify conditions under which European reach extent required...

Abstract. Carbon (C) and greenhouse gas (GHG) research has traditionally required data collection analysis using advanced often expensive instruments, complex proprietary software, highly specialized technicians. Partly as a result, relatively little C GHG been conducted in resource-constrained developing countries. At the same time, these are countries regions which climate change impacts will likely be strongest major science uncertainties centered, given importance of dryland tropical...

Many environmental data are inherently imbalanced, with some majority land use and cover types dominating over rare ones. In cultivated ecosystems minority classes often the target as they might indicate a beginning change. Most standard classifiers perform best on balanced distribution of classes, fail to detect classes. We used synthetic oversampling technique (smote) Random Forest classify in small agricultural catchment South Korea using modis time series. This area faces major soil...

Agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution is a major concern for water quality management in the Soyang watershed South Korea. Nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen), organic matter, sediment exports streams were estimated an agricultural catchment (Haean catchment) two years. The stream samples taken dry rainy seasons to evaluate effect of monsoonal rainfall on pollutants exports. influence land use changes NPS was assessed by conducting census comparing characteristic Total phosphorus...

Abstract Environmental management increasingly relies on information about ecosystem services for decision‐making. Compared with regulating and provisioning services, cultural (CES) are particularly challenging to characterize measure at management‐relevant spatial scales, which has hindered their consideration in practice. Social media one source of spatially explicit data where environments support various types CES, including physical activity. As tools automating social content analysis...