The potential contribution of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) studies to malaria research control has not received much attention in most southern African countries. This study investigated the local communities' understanding transmission, recognition signs symptoms, perceptions cause, treatment-seeking patterns, preventive measures order inform country's proposed elimination programme Swaziland. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was undertaken four Lubombo Spatial Development...

South Africa is making tremendous progress in the fight against HIV, however, adolescent girls and young women aged 15-24 years (AGYW) remain at higher risk of new HIV infections. This paper investigates socio-demographic behavioural determinants infection among AGYW Africa.A secondary data analysis was undertaken based on 2012 population-based nationally representative multi-stage stratified cluster random household sample. Multivariate stepwise backward forward regression modelling used to...

We have produced maps of Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in West and Central Africa using the Mapping Malaria Risk (MARA) database comprising all prevalence surveys these regions that could be geolocated. The 1846 analysed were carried out during different seasons, reported age groupings human population. To allow comparison between these, we used Garki model to convert data at each 976 locations sampled a single estimate intensity E, making use seasonality based on Normalized...

In 2008 the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that South Africa had highest tuberculosis (TB) incidence in world. This high rate is linked to a number of factors, including HIV co-infection and alcohol use disorders. The diagnosis treatment package for TB relatively well established Africa. However, because disorders may present more insidiously, making it difficult diagnose, those patients with active misusing are not easily cured from TB. With this mind, primary purpose cluster...

Early sexual debut, voluntary or coerced, increases risks to and reproductive health. Sexual coercion is increasingly receiving attention as an important public health issue owing its association with adverse social outcomes.To describe coerced experience at debut.A longitudinal perspective among 2,216 adolescents (1,149 females, 1,067 males) in a birth cohort study South Africa, analysing data collected on six occasions between 11 18 years.The median age of debut was 16 years for females 15...

Abstract Background In South Africa, persistence of the HIV epidemic and associated gender racial disparities is a major concern after more than 20 years democratic dispensation efforts to create healthy equal society. This paper profiles prevalence related factors among Black African men women compared other race groups in Africa using 2012 population-based national household survey. Methods secondary data analysis was based on nationally representative multi-stage stratified cluster random...

Most studies rely on cross-sectional retrospective reports from adult samples to collect information about adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) examine relationships with outcomes. The problems associated these have long been debated, only a few determining their reliability and validity fewer still reaching consensus the matter. This paper uses repeat prospective of two respondent sources in South African Birth Twenty Plus (Bt20+) cohort explore agreement concordance reporting ACEs by...

In South Africa, there are a limited number of population estimates the prevalence diabetes and its association with psychosocial factors. This study investigates correlates in both general African Black subpopulation using data from SANHANES-1. Diabetes was defined as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥6.5% or currently on treatment. Multivariate ordinary least squares logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated HbA1c diabetes, respectively. The significantly higher among...

A description of malaria seasonality is important for planning and optimizing control in both time space, but adequate malariologic data are not available many disease-endemic areas. We analyzed the relationship between entomologic inoculation rate (EIR) environmental factors sites across sub-Saharan Africa with objective predicting from data. The degree EIR each site was quantified using an index previously used rainfall. results showed that rainfall, minimum temperature, irrigation...

In South Africa social and behavioural communication interventions are a critical component of HIV/AIDS prevention, numerous campaigns have been implemented intensively across the country through government initiatives nongovernmental organisations over past decade. The aim this paper is to assess reach HIV AIDS in conjunction with contributions knowledge, attitudes, risk behaviours general population Africa. sample included nationally representative cross-sectional survey was 13234 people...

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge in South Africa. However, little attention is paid to the impact of related quality life (HRQL) among TB patients at beginning and end treatment. This study assesses factors associated with HRQL three high risk provinces Africa.A prospective cohort was conducted primary care settings. Patients completed social functioning (SF)-12 survey. Comparison Physical Health Summary Score (PCS) Mental (MCS) assessed 6 months after...

Background. The COVID-19 outbreak is in an accelerating phase, and South Africa (SA) has had the highest number of documented cases during early phase pandemic sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives. To assess Africans' understanding response to first week country's lockdown period. Methods. An online survey was conducted SA from 27 March 2 April 2020. distributed widely among several websites social media networks, including on a data-free platform. Descriptive statistics knowledge, risk...

Abstract Background Evidence indicate that intimate partner violence (IPV) is disturbingly high among South African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Understanding prevalence risk factors for IPV these emerging adults critical developing appropriate interventions to prevent adverse health outcomes later in life. This study investigates the associated with lifetime physical experience AGYW, aged 15–24 years, using national HIV prevalence, incidence, behaviour communication survey...

Evidence shows that improved understanding of knowledge about COVID-19 transmission, symptoms, and prevention is crucial for effective epidemic preparedness management. Given gender differences in vulnerability the different ways young people responded to pandemic, this paper investigated COVID-19-related among youth post-secondary education training institutions South Africa. Data from 6,681 respondents showed correctly answered 65.1% questions COVID-19. The respondents' overall...

Early detection and initiation of care is crucial to the survival long-term well-being children living with HIV (CLHIV). However, there remain challenges regarding early testing linking CLHIV for treatment. This study examines progress made towards achieving 95-95-95 indicators associated factors among < 15 years in South Africa. The data was collected as part 2017 cross-sectional, multistage cluster randomized population-based household National survey. Age-appropriate structured...

We investigated environmental factors influencing the distribution of hookworm infection in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Prevalence data were sourced from previous studies and additional surveys carried out to supplement database. When geo-referenced revealed that higher prevalences are limited areas below 150 m above sea level, low this altitude. Using univariate analysis we differences two areas. The relationship between prevalence, altitude climate-derived variables was assessed using...

Summary Background Quantitative description and mapping of malaria seasonality is important for timely spatial targeting interventions modelling risk. There a need models that predict quantitative variation in transmission between months. Methods We use Zimbabwe as an example developing empirical map seasonality. describe the relationship environmental covariates period 1988–1999, by fitting spatial‐temporal regression model within Bayesian framework to provide smoothed maps seasonal trend....

Several malaria risk maps have been developed in recent years, many from the prevalence of infection data collated by MARA (Mapping Malaria Risk Africa) project, and using various environmental sets as predictors. Variable selection is a major obstacle due to analytical problems caused over-fitting, confounding non-independence data. Testing comparing every combination explanatory variables Bayesian spatial framework remains unfeasible for most researchers. The aim this study was develop map...