During vertebrate gastrulation, both mesodermal and endodermal cells internalize through the blastopore beneath ectoderm. In zebrafish, internalized move towards dorsal side of gastrula and, at same time, they extend anteriorly by convergence extension (C&E) movements. Endodermal showing characteristic filopodia then migrate into inner layer within hypoblast next to yolk syncytial (YSL). However, little is known about how movement regulated during gastrulation. Here we show that sdf1a-...

In the developing embryo, cell-cell signalling is necessary for tissue patterning and structural organization. During midline development, notochord plays roles in of its surrounding tissues while forming axial structure; however, how these are coordinated remains elusive. Here, we identify a mechanism by which Notch regulates activities integrity notochord. We found that Mind bomb (Mib) ubiquitylates Jagged 1 (Jag1) essential signal-emitting cells Jag1 to activate signalling. zebrafish,...

Wnt signaling regulates various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and embryo development. However, numerous diseases have been attributed to the aberrant transduction of signaling. We screened a plant extract library targeting TCF/β-catenin transcriptional modulating activity with cell-based luciferase assay. Activity-guided fractionation MeOH E. longifolia root led isolation 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one (1). Compound 1 exhibited inhibitory activity. decreased expression...

Significance Cell migration is involved in various biological processes, including animal development and cancer metastasis. Cells show either of two different types migratory behavior: random or directional. We that defects mind bomb 1 (Mib1) ubiquitin ligase, an enzyme adds to substrates, leads increase cell migration. Our study revealed Mib1 ubiquitinates Ctnnd1, a positive regulator the small GTPase Rac1, cultured cells. further found Mib1-dependent Ctnnd1 ubiquitination decreases...

The control of organ size and position relies, at least in part, upon appropriate regulation the signals that specify progenitor fields. Pancreatic cell fates are specified by retinoic acid (RA), proper localization pancreatic field dependent on tight RA signaling. Here we show RA-degrading Cyp26 enzymes play a critical role defining normal anterior limit field. Disruption function causes dramatic expansion types toward embryo. cyp26a1 gene is expressed trunk endoderm developmental stages...

Sensory systems are specialized to recognize environmental changes. organs complex structures composed of different cell types, including neurons and sensory receptor cells, how these generated is an important question in developmental neurobiology. The posterior lateral line (pLL) a simple system fish amphibians that detects changes water motion. It consists hair both which derived from the cranial ectoderm preplacodal region. However, it not clearly understood epithelium develop separately...

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is a major cause of secondary osteoporosis, and the pathogenic mechanisms GIOP remain to be elucidated. Here, we show rapid dexamethasone-induced animal model using zebrafish scales. Intraperitoneal injection dexamethasone over 5-day period suppressed regeneration Furthermore, circularity newly formed regenerated scales was also slightly reduced compared that control group on day 5. The changes in bone-related enzymes, such as cathepsin K,...

Many age-related neurological diseases still lack effective treatments, making their understanding a critical and urgent issue in the globally aging society. To overcome this challenge, an animal model that accurately mimics these is essential. date, many mouse models have been developed to induce through genetic manipulation or drug administration. These help disease mechanisms finding potential therapeutic targets. However, some cannot be fully replicated human pathology due different...

ABSTRACT The Mindbomb E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (Mib) family of proteins, Mib1 and Mib2, are RING finger ligases that share specific substrates. is known to play essential roles in Notch signalling by ubiquitinating ligands vivo. Conversely, the functions Mib2 vivo not fully understood, although ubiquitinates multiple substrates, including ligands, vitro. To determine Notch-dependent Notch-independent vivo, we generated mutant alleles zebrafish mib2 using transcription activator-like...

Actin filaments and microtubules are principal components of the cytoskeleton that regulate basic cellular phenomena underlying many fundamental processes. Therefore, analyzing their dynamics in living cells is important for understanding events more precisely. In this article, we report two novel transgenic zebrafish lines expressing red fluorescent proteins tagged with Lifeact or EB1 interact actin microtubule plus ends, respectively, under control GAL4-UAS system. Using these lines, could...

The brain is an essential organ that controls various biological activities via the nervous system. cerebral blood vessels supply oxygen and nutrients to neuronal cells carry away waste products, which in maintaining functions. Aging affects vascular function decreases function. However, physiological process of age-dependent dysfunction not fully understood. In this study, we examined aging effects on patterning, function, learning ability adult zebrafish. We found tortuosity was increased,...

In the vertebrate ventral spinal cord, p2 progenitors give rise to two interneuron subtypes: excitatory V2a interneurons and inhibitory V2b interneurons. differentiation of cells, Notch signaling promotes fate at expense fate. Later, cells extend axons along ipsilateral side cord express transmitter GABA. has been reported inhibit axonal outgrowth mature neurons central nervous system; however, it remains unknown how modulates neurite maturation into GABAergic neurons. Here, we have...

The zebrafish endoderm begins to develop at gastrulation stages as a monolayer of cells. behaviour the during is well understood. However, knowledge morphogenic movements somitogenesis stages, it forms mesenchymal rod, lacking. Here we characterise endodermal development and describe transitions from cells into rod. We demonstrate that, unlike overlying mesoderm, are not polarised their migration midline early stages. Specifically, stage which begin leave monolayer, process have termed...

Polypyrrole-based polyamides are used as sequence-specific DNA probes. However, their cellular uptake and distribution affected by several factors have not been extensively studied in vivo. Here, we generated a series of fluorescence-conjugated polypyrrole compounds examined using live zebrafish cultured human cells. Among the evaluated compounds, Py3-FITC was able to visualize collagen-rich tissues, such jaw cartilage, opercle bulbus arteriosus, early-stage living embryos. Then, stained...

Abstract Control of nutrient homeostasis plays a central role in cell proliferation/survival during embryonic development and tumor growth. Activation the Notch signaling pathway, major contributor to cell–cell interactions, is potential mechanism for adaptation nutrient‐poor conditions. Our previous study also demonstrated that embryogenesis when nutrients such as glutamine growth factors are potentially maintained at lower levels, suppresses mRNA expression hexokinase 2 ( hk2 ), which...

BMP signaling is critical for many biological processes. Therefore, small molecules that modulate are useful elucidating the function of and treating signaling-related diseases. Here, we performed a phenotypic screening in zebrafish to examine vivo effects N-substituted-2-amino-benzoic acid analogs NPL1010 NPL3008 found they affect signaling-dependent dorsal–ventral (D–V) patterning bone formation embryos. Furthermore, suppressed upstream receptors. BMP1 cleaves Chordin, an antagonist BMP,...