Early endoderm formation in zebrafish requires at least three loci that function downstream of Nodal signaling but upstream the early endodermal marker sox17 : bonnie and clyde (bon), faust (fau) , casanova (cas). cas mutants show most severe phenotype as they do not form any gut tissue lack all expression. Activation pathway or overexpression Bon Fau/Gata5 fails to restore expression mutants, demonstrating plays a central role formation. Here we encodes novel member Sox family transcription...

Vertebrate endoderm development has recently become the focus of intense investigation. In this report, we first show that zebrafish bonnie and clyde ( bon ) gene plays a critical early role in formation. mutants exhibit profound reduction number sox17 -expressing endodermal precursors formed during gastrulation, and, consequently, gut tissue at later stages. The do form mutants, however, appear to differentiate normally indicating is not required steps development. We further demonstrate...

The chemokine family plays important roles in cell migration and activation. In humans, at least 44 members are known. Based on the arrangement of four conserved cysteine residues, chemokines now classified into subfamilies, CXC, CC, XC CX3C. Given that zebrafish is an experimental model teleost fishes constitute evolutionarily diverse group forms half vertebrate species, it would be useful to compare system with those mammals. Prior this study, however, only incomplete lists genes were...

During vertebrate gastrulation, both mesodermal and endodermal cells internalize through the blastopore beneath ectoderm. In zebrafish, internalized move towards dorsal side of gastrula and, at same time, they extend anteriorly by convergence extension (C&E) movements. Endodermal showing characteristic filopodia then migrate into inner layer within hypoblast next to yolk syncytial (YSL). However, little is known about how movement regulated during gastrulation. Here we show that sdf1a-...

ABSTRACT Previous studies have indicated that gata5, a zinc-finger transcription factor gene, is required for the development of zebrafish gut tube. Here, we show gata5 mutants also display defects in other endodermal organs such as liver, pancreas, thyroid and thymus. expressed progenitors from late blastula stages, suggesting it functions early during endoderm development. We indeed find gastrulation form fewer cells than their wild-type siblings. In addition, appear to express lower...

The roles of extra-embryonic tissues in early vertebrate body patterning have been extensively studied, yet we know little about their function during later developmental events. Here, analyze the zebrafish yolk syncytial layer (YSL) specific transcription factor, Mtx1, and find that it plays an essential role myocardial migration. Downregulating Mtx1 YSL leads to cardia bifida, a phenotype which cells fail migrate midline. appears regulate embryonic expression fibronectin, gene previously...

Haploinsufficiency for Nipbl, a cohesin loading protein, causes Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), the most common “cohesinopathy”. It has been proposed that effects of Nipbl-haploinsufficiency result from disruption long-range communication between DNA elements. Here we use zebrafish and mouse models CdLS to examine how transcriptional changes caused by Nipbl deficiency give rise limb defects, condition in individuals with CdLS. In pectoral fin (forelimb), knockdown expression led size...

The discovery of anticancer therapeutics effective in eliminating dormant cells is a significant challenge cancer biology. Here, we describe new synthetic polymer-based agents that mimic the mode action peptides. These polymers developed here are designed to capture cationic, amphiphilic traits target anionic lipids exposed on cell surfaces and act by disrupting membranes. Because polymer mechanism not dependent proliferation, hypothesized were active against cells. exhibited cytotoxicity...

Resiquimod, an imidazoquinoline scaffold, exhibits potent immunotherapeutic activity but is associated with off-target effects, limiting its clinical utility. To address this limitation, we developed a novel BODIPY-caged resiquimod that responsive to red light, combining photocaging and photodynamic therapy functionalities. Molecular docking studies guided identification of the optimal caging site for resiquimod, effectively masking immune activity. remained inactive under dark conditions,...

Kudoa septempunctata is a myxosporean parasite of Paralichthys olivaceus (olive flounder) and causes foodborne illness that affects more than 100 cases in Japan each year. We previously reported the consumption raw olive flounder meat containing high concentration K. spores induces transient but severe diarrhea emesis through an unknown mechanism. Here, we demonstrate sporoplasm plays important role mediating toxicity septempunctata. When were inoculated Caco-2 human intestinal cells,...

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway has been implicated in functions multicellular processes, including cell growth and metabolism. Although recent reports showed that many pathways, Activin, Bmp, Fgf, sonic hedgehog, Insulin-like factor (IGF), Notch, retinoic acid, Wnt, are non-mammalian vertebrate regeneration, also known as epimorphic mTORC1 function remains unknown. To investigate the role zebrafish caudal fin, we examined activation using an antibody...

Although recent findings showed that some Drosophila doublesex and Caenorhabditis elegans mab-3 related genes are expressed in neural tissues during development, their functions have not been fully elucidated. Here, we isolated a zebrafish mutant, ha2, shows defects telencephalic neurogenesis found ha2 encodes Doublesex MAB-3 transcription factor like family A2 (Dmrta2). dmrta2 expression is restricted to the telencephalon, diencephalon olfactory placode somitogenesis. We of proneural gene,...

Although dedifferentiation, transformation of differentiated cells into progenitor cells, is a critical step in the regeneration amphibians and fish, molecular mechanisms underlying this process, including epigenetic changes, remain unclear. Dot blot assays immunohistochemical analyses revealed that, during zebrafish fin, levels 5-methylcytosine (5mC) 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) are transiently reduced blastema adjacent to amputation plane at 30 h post-amputation (hpa), level 5mC, but not...

Abstract Polyolefinic thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) is a two‐phase material in which cured EPDM (ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber) particles are densely dispersed PP (polypropylene) matrix. It can be melt‐processed at high temperatures and behaves like vulcanized rubber ambient temperature. The question on its strain recovery, i.e., why the TPE shrink back from highly deformed states, even though matrix consists of ductile polymer. We constructed two‐dimensional model with four inclusions...

Abstract Early in vertebrate development, the processes of gastrulation lead to formation three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The mechanisms leading segregation endoderm mesoderm are not well understood. In mid‐blastula stage zebrafish embryos, single marginal cells can give rise both (reviewed by Warga Stainier [2002] guts formation. In: Solnica‐Krezel L, editor. Pattern zebrafish. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag. p 28–47). By late blastula stage, however, generally either or...

Abstract In vertebrates, cranial sensory ganglia are mainly derived from ectodermal placodes, which focal thickenings at characteristic positions in the embryonic head. Here, we provide first description of early development epibranchial placode zebrafish embryos using sox3 as a molecular marker. By one‐somite stage, saw pair single ‐expressing domains appear lateral to future hindbrain. The domain, is referred here placode, segregated during phase segmentation form pax2a ‐positive medial...