A5061118633- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Congenital Anomalies and Fetal Surgery
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
J. Craig Venter Institute
2012-2020
Cornell University
2009-2012
Tufts University
2012
University of California, Davis
2012
New England Biolabs (United States)
2012
Harvard University
2012
National Institutes of Health
2012
Abstract Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide the most important respiratory viral pathogen in infants. Extensive sequence variability within between RSV group A B viruses ability of multiple clades sub-clades to co-circulate are likely mechanisms contributing evasion herd immunity. Surveillance large-scale whole-genome sequencing currently limited but would help identify its evolutionary dynamics sites selective immune evasion....
ABSTRACT Understanding the mechanisms of cross-species virus transmission is critical to anticipating emerging infectious diseases. Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) emerged as a variant feline when it acquired mutations that allowed binding canine transferrin receptor 1 (TfR). However, CPV-2 was soon replaced by (CPV-2a) differed in antigenicity and binding. Here we show emergence CPV involved an additional host range has circulated undetected raccoons for at least 24 years, with transfers...
The adaptation of viruses to new hosts is a poorly understood process likely involving variety viral structures and functions that allow efficient replication spread. Canine parvovirus (CPV) emerged in the late 1970s as host-range variant virus related feline panleukopenia (FPV). Within few years its emergence dogs, there was worldwide replacement initial strain (CPV type 2) by 2a) characterized four amino acid differences capsid protein. However, evolutionary processes underlie acquisition...
The only licensed live attenuated influenza A virus vaccines (LAIVs) in the United States (FluMist) are created using internal protein-coding gene segments from cold-adapted temperature-sensitive master donor A/Ann Arbor/6/1960 and HA/NA circulating viruses. During serial passage of at low temperatures to select desired attenuating phenotypes, multiple cold-adaptive mutations arose. substantial amount scientific clinical evidence has proven that FluMist is safe effective. Nevertheless, no...
To estimate the prevalence of canine parvovirus (CPV) strains among dogs with enteritis admitted to a referral hospital in southwestern United States during an 11-month period and compare diagnostic test results, disease severity, patient outcome CPV strains.Prospective observational study.72 histories clinical signs parvoviral enteritis.For each dog, fecal sample or rectal swab specimen was evaluated for antigen via ELISA. Subsequently, samples (n = 42 dogs) pharyngeal specimens (16) were...
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis and eventually death among infants young children worldwide, disease prevention management through vaccination is a public health priority. In August 2009, Rotarix™ was introduced in South African Expanded Programme on Immunisation. As result, substantial reductions RVA burden have been reported younger than 5 years old. Rotavirus strain surveillance post-vaccination crucial to, inter alia, monitor study evolution...
The emergence of influenza A virus (IAV) in domestic avian species and associated transmissions to mammals is unpredictable. In the Americas, H7 IAVs are particular concern, there have been four separate outbreaks highly pathogenic (HP) H7N3 poultry North South America between 2002 2012, with occasional spillover into humans. Here, we use long-term IAV surveillance American shorebirds at Delaware Bay, USA, from 1985 2012 ducks Alberta, Canada, 1976 determine which hemagglutinin...
The swine-human interface created at agricultural fairs, along with the generation of and maintenance influenza A virus diversity in exhibition swine, presents an ongoing threat to public health. Nucleotide sequences isolates collected from swine Ohio (n = 262) Indiana 103) during 2009 2013 were used investigate viral evolution movement within this niche sector industry. Phylogenetic Bayesian analyses employed identify introductions study population dynamics. In alone, we identified 10...
The changing epidemiology of group A rotavirus (RV) strains in humans and swine, including emerging G9 strains, poses new challenges to current vaccines. In this study, we comparatively assessed the pathogenesis porcine RV (PRV) G9P[13] evaluated short-term cross-protection between strain human (HRV) Wa G1P[8] gnotobiotic pigs. Complete genome sequencing demonstrated that PRV possessed a human-like VP7 genotype but shared higher overall nucleotide identity with historic strains. induced...
While the early start and higher intensity of 2012/13 influenza A virus (IAV) epidemic was not unprecedented, it first IAV season since 2009 H1N1 pandemic where H3N2 subtype predominated. We directly sequenced genomes 154 clinical specimens collected throughout to better understand evolution strains inform vaccine selection process. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that multiple co-circulating clades continual antigenic drift in haemagglutinin (HA) 5, 3A, 3C, with a new 3C subgroup...
Rotaviruses (RVs) are the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in young children and livestock animals worldwide. Although live attenuated vaccines have been applied to control RV infection for many years, underlying mechanisms attenuation following cell culture adaption unknown. To study these at genomic level, we sequenced conducted a comparative analysis two virulent human (Wa, G1P[8] M, G3P[8]) porcine (Gottfried, G4P[6] OSU, G5P[7]) strains maintained gnotobiotic piglets 22, 11,...
We report the first complete sequence for an avian group G rotavirus (RVG) genome from Africa, which is third publically available RVG genome. These genomes are highly diverse, especially in their VP4, VP7, NSP4, and NSP3 segments, indicating that diversity comparable to of A.