A5041197843- Respiratory viral infections research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Gut microbiota and health
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Rabbits: Nutrition, Reproduction, Health
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Studies
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- RNA Research and Splicing
- Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Esophageal and GI Pathology
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
2017-2025
Vanderbilt University
2016-2025
Cohort (United Kingdom)
2024-2025
Temple University
2024
Harvard University
2024
American Academy of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery
2024
University of Michigan
2024
University of Delhi
2009-2024
National Institute of Technology Sikkim
2024
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
2023-2024
The 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza demonstrated the global health threat of reassortant strains. Herein, we report a detailed analysis plasmablast and monoclonal antibody responses induced by infection in humans. Unlike antibodies elicited annual vaccinations, most neutralizing were broadly cross-reactive against epitopes hemagglutinin (HA) stalk head domain multiple from cells that had undergone extensive affinity maturation. Based on these observations, postulate plasmablasts producing...
Rapid antigenic evolution in the influenza A virus hemagglutinin precludes effective vaccination with existing vaccines. To understand this phenomenon, we passaged mice immunized vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies selected mutants single-amino acid substitutions that increased binding to cell surface glycan receptors. Passaging these high-avidity naïve mice, but not immune for additional decreased cellular receptor avidity. Analyzing a panel of monoclonal antibody escape revealed positive...
We have previously shown that broadly neutralizing antibodies reactive to the conserved stem region of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) were generated in people infected with 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain. Such are rarely seen humans following infection or vaccination seasonal strains. However, important question remained whether inactivated vaccine, like infection, could also induce these antibodies. To address this question, we analyzed B-cell responses 24 healthy adults immunized vaccine...
Abstract The Omicron variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 achieved worldwide dominance in late 2021. Early work suggests that infections caused by the may be less severe than those Delta variant. We sought to compare clinical outcomes these two strains, confirmed whole genome sequencing, over a short period time, from respiratory samples collected positive patients at large medical center. found significantly morbidity, including admission hospital and requirement for oxygen supplementation, mortality
Here, we address the question of why influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) does not escape immunity by hyperglycosylation. Uniquely among dozens monoclonal antibodies specific for A/Puerto Rico/8/34, from H28-A2 neutralization requires substitutions introducing N-linked glycosylation at residue 131 or 144 in globular domain. This decreases viral binding to cellular receptors, which must be compensated additional HA neuraminidase that enable replication. Sequence analysis circulating H1...
ABSTRACT Knowledge of influenza virus evolution at the point transmission and intrahost level remains limited, particularly for human hosts. Here, we analyze a unique viral data set next-generation sequencing (NGS) samples generated from challenge study wherein 17 healthy subjects were inoculated with cell- egg-passaged virus. Nasal wash collected 7 these successfully deep sequenced. From these, characterized changes in subjects' populations during infection identified differences between...
Rapid antigenic variation of HA, the major virion surface protein influenza A virus, remains principal challenge to development broader and more effective vaccines. Some regions such as stem region proximal viral membrane, are nevertheless highly conserved across strains among most subtypes. fundamental question in vaccine design is extent which HA on virus accessible broadly neutralizing antibodies. Here we report 3D structures derived from cryoelectron tomography intact 2009 H1N1 pandemic...
Infection with influenza can be aggravated by bacterial co-infections, which often results in disease exacerbation. The effects of infection on the upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiome are largely unknown. Here, we report a longitudinal study to assess temporal dynamics URT microbiomes uninfected and virus-infected humans ferrets. Uninfected human patients ferret have stable healthy ecostate communities both within between individuals. In contrast, infected ferrets exhibit large changes...
Respiratory viruses alter the nasopharyngeal microbiome and may be associated with a distinct microbial signature. To test this hypothesis, we compared of 135 previously healthy infants acute respiratory infection due to human rhinovirus (HRV; n = 52) or syncytial virus (RSV; 83). The was assessed by sequencing V4 region 16S ribosomal RNA. were identified quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. We found significant differences in overall taxonomic composition abundance...
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has historically been associated with respiratory illnesses. However, in the summers of 2014 and 2016, EV-D68 outbreaks coincided a spike polio-like acute flaccid myelitis/paralysis (AFM/AFP) cases. This raised concerns that could be causative agent AFM during these recent outbreaks. To assess potential neurotropism EV-D68, we utilized neuroblastoma-derived neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y as culture model to determine if differential infection is observed for different...
Abstract Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide the most important respiratory viral pathogen in infants. Extensive sequence variability within between RSV group A B viruses ability of multiple clades sub-clades to co-circulate are likely mechanisms contributing evasion herd immunity. Surveillance large-scale whole-genome sequencing currently limited but would help identify its evolutionary dynamics sites selective immune evasion....
There is great interest in safe and effective alternative therapies that could benefit patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). L-arginine (Arg) a semi-essential amino acid variety of physiological effects. In this context, our aim was to investigate the role dietary Arg experimental colitis. We used two models colitis C57BL/6 mice, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model injury repair, Citrobacter rodentium infection. Animals were given diets containing 1) no (Arg0), 6.4 g/kg (ArgNL), or...
Genetic variations across the SARS-CoV-2 genome may influence transmissibility of virus and host's anti-viral immune response, in turn affecting frequency variants over time. In this study, we examined adjacent amino acid polymorphisms nucleocapsid (R203K/G204R) that arose on background spike D614G change describe how strains harboring these changes became dominant circulating globally.Deep-sequencing data from public databases clinical samples were analyzed to identify map genetic...
The upper respiratory tract (URT) is the portal of entry severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and SARS-CoV-2 likely interacts with URT microbiome. However, understanding associations between microbiome severity disease 2019 (COVID-19) still limited.
Importance Higher blood pressure in early life may signal cardiovascular disease over the course, but determinants of are poorly understood. Objective To examine association maternal cardiometabolic risk factors during pregnancy with offspring from age 2 to 18 years and explore whether is modified by sex race ethnicity. Design, Setting, Participants This cohort study analyzed data Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes program between January 1, 1994, March 31, 2023. Three common...
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of E, an acute form viral hepatitis. biology and pathogenesis HEV remain poorly understood. We have used in vitro binding assays to show that ORF3 protein (pORF3) binds a number cellular signal transduction pathway proteins. This includes tyrosine kinases Src, Hck, Fyn, p85α regulatory subunit phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phospholipase Cγ, adaptor Grb2. A yeast two-hybrid assay was further confirm pORF3-Grb2 interaction. involves...
Antigenic drift in the influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) is responsible for seasonal reformulation of vaccines. Here, we address an important and largely overlooked issue antigenic drift: how does number location glycosylation sites affect HA evolution man? We analyzed status all full-length H1 subtype sequences available NCBI database. devised "flow index" (FI), a simple algorithm that calculates tendency viruses to gain or lose consensus sites. The FI predicts predominance states among...
ABSTRACT Since the India and Indian Ocean outbreaks of 2005 2006, global distribution chikungunya virus (CHIKV) locations epidemics have dramatically shifted. First, lineage (IOL) caused sustained in has radiated to many other countries. Second, Asian frequent Pacific islands 2013 was introduced into Caribbean, followed by rapid spread nearly all neotropics. Further, CHIKV epidemics, as well exported cases, been reported central Africa after a long period perceived silence. To understand...