A5010112308- Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases
- Acupuncture Treatment Research Studies
- Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
- Primary Care and Health Outcomes
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Peripheral Artery Disease Management
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Delphi Technique in Research
- Statistics Education and Methodologies
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command
2024
United States Army
2024
University of York
2014-2023
Hull York Medical School
2011-2021
Newcastle University
1996-2021
NIHR Evaluation Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre
2016
University of Southampton
2016
National Institute for Health Research
2016
University of Nottingham
2012-2016
NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre
2016
<h3>Abstract</h3> Recent studies have shown that p53 contributes to poor survival during immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Lung cancer patients with mutations significantly improved response rates PD-1 ICB While previous tumor-derived IL-33 is required for the anti-tumor and efficacy of therapies, relationship between therapy unknown. In this study, we characterized role p53/IL-33 axis in regulating tumor microenvironment (TME) CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion Trp53 cells combined...
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Limits of agreement provide a straightforward and intuitive approach to between different methods for measuring the same quantity. When pairs observations using two are independent, i.e., on subjects, calculations very simple straightforward. Some authors collect repeated data, either as measurements subject, whose true value measured quantity may be changing, or more than one measurement by both an unchanging underlying In this paper we describe analysing such clustered observations, when...
The measurement of airway resistance by the interrupter technique (R<sub>int</sub>) needs standardization. Should measurements be made during expiratory or inspiratory phase tidal breathing? In reported studies, R<sub>int</sub> has been calculated as median mean a small number values, is there an important difference? Subjects were 2.5–5.0 yrs (median 4.0 yrs) who had previous respiratory symptoms. in expiration (R<sub>int</sub>E) and inspiration (R<sub>int</sub>I) pre postsalbutamol,...
We often need to know the error with which measurements are made—for example, so that we can decide whether change in a clinical observation represents real patient's condition. have discussed previously within-subject standard deviation as practical index of measurement error.1 said this approach should be used when was not related magnitude and recommended plot subject against mean check this. Table 1 shows some duplicate salivary cotinine taken from larger study. Figure absolute...
We have shown in a previous Statistics Note 1 how we can calculate confidence interval (CI) from P value. Some published articles report intervals, but do not give corresponding values. Here show be used to value, should this required. This might also useful when the value is given only imprecisely (eg, as P<0.05). Wherever they calculated, are advocates of intervals much more than values, like helpful. The method outlined box below which distinguished two cases. #### Steps obtain CI for an...
OBJECTIVE--To investigate the effects of smoking, alcohol, and caffeine consumption socio-economic factors psychosocial stress on birth weight. DESIGN--Prospective population study. SETTING--District general hospital in inner London. PARTICIPANTS--A consecutive series 1860 white women booking for delivery were approached. 136 Refused 211 failed to complete study other reasons (moved, abortion, subsequent refusal), leaving a sample 1513. Women who spoke no English, booked after 24 weeks, had...
Confidence intervals (CIs) are widely used in reporting statistical analyses of research data, and usually considered to be more informative than P values from significance tests.1 2 Some published articles, however, report estimated effects values, but do not give CIs (a practice BMJ now strongly discourages). Here we show how obtain the confidence interval when only observed effect value were reported. The method is outlined box below which have distinguished two cases. #### Steps (CI) for...
<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the effectiveness of different brief intervention strategies at reducing hazardous or harmful drinking in primary care. The hypothesis was that more intensive would result a greater reduction drinking. <b>Design</b> Pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Primary care practices north east and south England London. <b>Participants</b> 3562 patients aged 18 routinely presenting care, whom 2991 (84.0%) were eligible to enter trial: 900 (30.1%)...
Statistical Methods for Assessing Agreement between Two of Clinical Measurement. By J. Martin Bland, Douglas G. Altman. Lancet 1986; 1(8476):307-10. Abstract reprinted with permission Elsevier, copyright 1986. In clinical measurement comparison a new technique an established one is often needed to see whether they agree sufficiently the replace old. Such investigations are analyzed inappropriately, notably by using correlation coefficients. The use misleading. An alternative approach, based...
<b>Objective</b> To compare the clinical effectiveness of collaborative care with usual in management patients moderate to severe depression. <b>Design</b> Cluster randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> 51 primary practices three districts United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 581 adults aged 18 years and older who met ICD-10 (international classification diseases, 10th revision) criteria for a depressive episode on revised Clinical Interview Schedule. We excluded acutely suicidal those...
A key step in the design of a RCT is estimation number participants needed study. The most common approach to specify target difference between treatments for primary outcome and then calculate required sample size. size chosen ensure that trial will have high probability (adequate statistical power) detecting should one exist. has many implications conduct interpretation Despite critical role RCT, way which it determined received little attention. In this article, we summarise...
Children, adolescents, and young adults with life-limiting conditions experience various challenges that may make them more vulnerable to mental health problems, such as anxiety depression. However, the prevalence incidence of depression among this population appears be unknown.To conduct a systematic review meta-analysis estimate and/or in children, conditions.Searches MEDLINE (PubMed), PsycInfo, Embase were conducted identify studies published between January 2000 2018.Studies eligible for...
<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To examine the relation between preterm birth and socioeconomic psychological factors, smoking, alcohol caffeine consumption. <b>Design</b>: Prospective study of outcome pregnancy. <b>Setting</b>: District general hospital in inner London. <b>Participants</b>: 1860 consecutive white women booking for delivery; 1513 studied after exclusion because multiple pregnancy diabetes, refusals, loss to follow up. <b>Measurements</b>: Gestational age was determined...