A5090829173- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Treatment of Major Depression
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Statistical Methods and Inference
- Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Ovarian function and disorders
- Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Pediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and Treatments
- Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Healthcare cost, quality, practices
- Health disparities and outcomes
Imperial College London
2016-2025
St Mary's Hospital
2014-2025
NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre
2024
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
2010-2023
Queen Mary University of London
2002-2018
St. Mary's Hospital
2014
St Mary's Hospital
2014
The London College
2014
Imperial Valley College
2013
University of Bristol
2004-2009
The colonic microbiota ferment dietary fibres, producing short chain fatty acids. Recent evidence suggests that the acid propionate may play an important role in appetite regulation. We hypothesised delivery of would increase peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion humans, reduce energy intake weight gain overweight adults.
<h3>Importance</h3> Norepinephrine is currently recommended as the first-line vasopressor in septic shock; however, early vasopressin use has been proposed an alternative. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare effect of vs norepinephrine on kidney failure patients with shock. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A factorial (2×2), double-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted 18 general adult intensive care units United Kingdom between February 2013 May 2015, enrolling who had shock...
Background Cluster randomized trials are increasingly popular. In many of these trials, cluster sizes unequal. This can affect trial power, but standard sample size formulae for ignore this. Previous studies addressing this issue have mostly focused on continuous outcomes or methods that sometimes difficult to use in practice.
Lung delivery of plasmid DNA encoding the CFTR gene complexed with a cationic liposome is potential treatment option for patients cystic fibrosis. We aimed to assess efficacy non-viral therapy in fibrosis.We did this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial two fibrosis centres recruited from 18 sites UK. Patients (aged ≥12 years) forced expiratory volume 1 s (FEV1) 50-90% predicted and any combination mutations, were randomly assigned, via computer-based randomisation...
Levosimendan is a calcium-sensitizing drug with inotropic and other properties that may improve outcomes in patients sepsis.
There remains uncertainty about the role of corticosteroids in sepsis with clear beneficial effects on shock duration, but conflicting survival effects. Two transcriptomic response signatures (SRSs) have been identified. SRS1 is relatively immunosuppressed, whereas SRS2 immunocompetent.We aimed to categorize patients based SRS endotypes determine if these profiles influenced either norepinephrine or vasopressin, septic shock.A post hoc analysis was performed a double-blind, randomized...
Abstract England has experienced a large outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, disproportionately affecting people from disadvantaged and ethnic minority communities. It is unclear how much this excess due to differences in exposure associated with structural inequalities. Here, we report the REal-time Assessment Community Transmission-2 (REACT-2) national study over 100,000 people. After adjusting for test characteristics re-weighting population, overall antibody prevalence 6.0% (95% CI: 5.8-6.1). An...
A key step in the design of a RCT is estimation number participants needed study. The most common approach to specify target difference between treatments for primary outcome and then calculate required sample size. size chosen ensure that trial will have high probability (adequate statistical power) detecting should one exist. has many implications conduct interpretation Despite critical role RCT, way which it determined received little attention. In this article, we summarise...
Vaccination and disease The United Kingdom has high rates of vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exceeding 80% adults. As immunity wanes social distancing is relaxed, how are illness affected by more infectious variants? Elliott et al . used reverse transcription PCR data from the REACT-1 study, which showed exponential transmission as Alpha variant (B.1.1.7) was replaced Delta (B.1.617.2). After adjusting age other variables, vaccine effectiveness...
Rituximab is often used as rescue therapy in interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with connective tissue (CTD), but has not been studied clinical trials. This study aimed to assess whether rituximab superior cyclophosphamide a treatment for severe or progressive CTD ILD.
Abstract Background England, UK has experienced a large outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection. As in USA and elsewhere, disadvantaged communities have been disproportionately affected. Methods National REal-time Assessment Community Transmission-2 (REACT-2) prevalence study using self-administered lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test for IgG among random population sample 100,000 adults over 18 years 20 June to 13 July 2020. Results Data were available 109,076 participants, yielding 5,544...
Background England, UK has experienced a large outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection. As in USA and elsewhere, disadvantaged communities have been disproportionately affected. Methods National REal-time Assessment Community Transmission-2 (REACT-2) seroprevalence study using self-administered lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test for IgG among random population sample 100,000 adults over 18 years England, 20 June to 13 July 2020. Results Completed questionnaires were available 109,076...
Abstract Background The prevalence and persistence of antibodies following a peak SARS-CoV-2 infection provides insights into its spread in the community, likelihood reinfection potential for some level population immunity. Methods Prevalence antibody positivity England, UK (REACT2) with three cross-sectional surveys between late June September 2020. 365104 adults used self-administered lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test IgG. A laboratory comparison LFIA results to neutralization activity...
Accurate antibody tests are essential to monitor the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) can deliver testing at scale. However, reported performance varies, and sensitivity analyses have generally been conducted on serum from hospitalised patients. For use in community testing, evaluation of finger-prick self-tests, non-hospitalised individuals, is required.Sensitivity analysis was 276 participants. All had tested positive for by reverse transcription PCR were ≥21 days...
Population antibody surveillance helps track immune responses to COVID-19 vaccinations at scale, and identify host factors that may affect production. We analyse data from 212,102 vaccinated individuals within the REACT-2 programme in England, which uses self-administered lateral flow tests sequential cross-sectional community samples; 71,923 (33.9%) received least one dose of BNT162b2 vaccine 139,067 (65.6%) ChAdOx1. For both vaccines, positivity peaks 4-5 weeks after first then declines....
The unprecedented rise in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections during December 2021 was concurrent with rapid spread of the Omicron variant England and globally. We analyzed prevalence SARS-CoV-2 its dynamics from end November to mid-December among almost 100,000 participants REACT-1 study. Prevalence high growth nationally particularly London 2021, an increasing proportion due Omicron. observed large decreases swab positivity mostly vaccinated older...
Community virus surveillance Even highly effective vaccines will not save us from the need to monitor severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) activity, perhaps for years come. Public health institutions early warning of any uptick in cases prepare and deploy interventions as required. Riley et al. developed a community-wide program that was designed detect resurgence at low prevalence has been used track SARS-CoV-2 across England. In four rounds sampling May September...
Rapid transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has led to record-breaking incidence rates around world. The Real-time Assessment Community Transmission-1 (REACT-1) study tracked SARS-CoV-2 infection in England using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results from self-administered throat and nose swabs randomly selected participants aged 5 years older approximately monthly May 2020 March 2022. Weighted prevalence...
There is a growing interest in ‘ evidence-based policy making’ the UK. However, there remains some confusion about what making actually means. This paper outlines of models used to understand how evidence thought shape or inform order explore assumptions underlying ‘evidence-based making.’ By way example, it considers process seeking and particular systematic review as presumed ‘gold standard’ EBP movement. It highlights opportunities challenges represented this approach for research. The...
<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To compare the risk of non-fatal self harm and suicide in patients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with that tricyclic antidepressants, as well between different SSRIs antidepressants. <b>Design</b> Nested case-control study. <b>Setting</b> Primary care United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 146 095 individuals a first prescription an antidepressant for depression. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Suicide harm. <b>Results</b> 1968 cases 69...
Objective. To investigate the frequency and health impact of chronic multi-site musculoskeletal pain, in a representative UK sample. Method. Population postal questionnaire survey, using 16 general practices southeast England, nationally urban/rural, ethnic socioeconomic mix. A random selection 4049 registered patients, aged 18 or over, were sent questionnaire. The main outcome measures pain location, identified drawing; distress, intensity disability as measured by GHQ12 Chronic Pain Grade....