A5078859030- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- interferon and immune responses
- Immune cells in cancer
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Retinal and Optic Conditions
- Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Sarcoidosis and Beryllium Toxicity Research
- Calcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Stoma care and complications
- Surgical site infection prevention
The Francis Crick Institute
2024-2025
Imperial College London
2019-2023
National Institute for Biological Standards and Control
2018-2021
Public Health England
2021
National Institute for Health Research
2021
University of Oxford
2021
University of Bristol
2021
St Mary's Hospital
2021
Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool
2021
University of Liverpool
2021
SummaryBackgroundSevere COVID-19 has a high mortality rate. Comprehensive pathological descriptions of are scarce and limited in scope. We aimed to describe the histopathological findings viral tropism patients who died severe COVID-19.MethodsIn this case series, were considered eligible if they older than 18 years, with premortem diagnosis acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection listed clinically as direct cause death. Between March 1 April 30, 2020, full post-mortem examinations...
Abstract The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 into a global pandemic within few months onset motivates development rapidly scalable vaccine. Here, we present self-amplifying RNA encoding spike protein encapsulated lipid nanoparticle (LNP) as We observe remarkably high and dose-dependent specific antibody titers in mouse sera, well robust neutralization both pseudo-virus wild-type virus. Upon further characterization find that is proportional to quantity IgG higher magnitude than recovered COVID-19...
Accurate antibody tests are essential to monitor the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) can deliver testing at scale. However, reported performance varies, and sensitivity analyses have generally been conducted on serum from hospitalised patients. For use in community testing, evaluation of finger-prick self-tests, non-hospitalised individuals, is required.Sensitivity analysis was 276 participants. All had tested positive for by reverse transcription PCR were ≥21 days...
Summary SARS-CoV-2 enters cells via its spike glycoprotein which must be cleaved sequentially at the S1/S2, then S2’ cleavage sites (CS) to mediate membrane fusion. has a unique polybasic insertion S1/S2 CS, we demonstrate can by furin. Using lentiviral pseudotypes and cell-culture adapted virus with deletion, show that is selected for in lung primary human airway epithelial cultures but against Vero E6, cell line used passaging SARS-CoV-2. We find this selective advantage depends on...
To evaluate the performance of new lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) suitable for use in a national coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) seroprevalence programme (real time assessment community transmission 2-React 2). Diagnostic accuracy study. Laboratory analyses were performed United Kingdom at Imperial College, London and university facilities London. Research clinics finger prick sampling run two affiliated NHS trusts. Sensitivity on sera stored from 320 previous participants React 2...
Coronaviruses express their structural and accessory genes via a set of subgenomic RNAs, whose synthesis is directed by transcription regulatory sequences (TRSs) in the 5′ genomic leader upstream each body open reading frame. In SARS-CoV-2, TRS has consensus AAACGAAC; upon searching for emergence this motif global SARS-CoV-2 sequences, we find that it evolves frequently, especially 3′ end genome. We show well-supported examples Spike gene—within nsp16 coding region ORF1b—which expressed...
Abstract Human ANP32A and ANP32B are essential but redundant host factors for influenza virus genome replication. While most viruses cannot replicate in edited human cells lacking both ANP32B, some strains exhibit limited growth. Here, we experimentally evolve such an A these unexpectedly, after 2 passages, observe robust viral We find two mutations different subunits of the polymerase that enable mutant to use a novel factor, ANP32E, alternative family member, which is unable support wild...
Involvement of macrophages in the SARS-CoV-2-associated cytokine storm, excessive secretion inflammatory/anti-viral factors leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) COVID-19 patients, is unclear. In this study, we sought characterize interplay between virus and primary human monocyte-derived (MDM). MDM were stimulated with recombinant IFN-α and/or infected either live or UV-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 two reassortant influenza viruses containing external genes from H1N1 PR8 strain...
Abstract Background Almost half of surgical site infections (SSIs) are preventable by application evidence-based strategies. An online survey Nebraska hospitals was conducted the Healthcare-Associated Infections/Antimicrobial Resistance Advisory Council’s SSI Subcommittee between March and May 2023 to assess implementation practice recommendations (EBPR) from national guidelines. Methods Infection preventionists completed in collaboration with their perioperative teams. In addition facility...
Defective viral genomes (DVGs), which are generated by the polymerase in error during RNA replication, can trigger innate immunity and implicated altering clinical outcome of infection. Here, we investigated impact DVGs on pathogenicity a BALB/c mouse model influenza virus We stocks viruses containing internal genes an H5N1 that contained different levels (indicated genome-to-PFU ratios). In lung epithelial cells, high-DVG stock was immunostimulatory at early time points postinfection. were...
The current gold-standard potency test for inactivated influenza vaccines is the single radial immunodiffusion (SRD) assay. A number of alternative tests have been proposed in recent years. Evaluation these new commonly involves comparison with SRD, order to ascertain that method obtains values correlate those measured by standard test. Here, we extended two methods, reverse-phase HPLC and SDS-PAGE, SRD assessing methods' capacity detect loss induced various deliberate treatments vaccine...
Abstract Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more prone to severe infection. Vaccination is a key strategy reduce this risk. Some studies suggest vaccine efficacy may be reduced in patients CKD, despite preserved maintenance of long-term responses some pathogens and vaccines. Here, we investigated immune 2 vaccines CKD identify predictors immunological responsiveness. Methods Individuals >65 years old, or without nondialysis (n = 36 29, respectively), were...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs), can sporadically cross the species barrier and cause zoonotic infections in mammalian hosts (including humans), with often fatal consequences. Severe disease has been associated an overexuberant host innate immune response known as hypercytokinema (cytokine storm) where excessive levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced. Previous work our laboratory shows that high viral replication by HPAIV murine myeloid cells correlated cytokine...
<h3>Introduction</h3> Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a phenomenon seen in patients with recovering immune systems, such as those being treated for HIV. Such recovery can prompt an response to illness previously thought fully treated, or unmask occult infection. The authors report the case of 13-year-old boy who developed airway compromise after starting treatment highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). <h3>Case</h3> A Zambian was referred paediatric HIV team...
Abstract Involvement of macrophages in the SARS-CoV-2-associated cytokine storm, excessive secretion inflammatory/anti-viral factors leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) COVID-19 patients, is unclear. In this study, we sought characterize interplay between virus and primary human monocyte-derived (MDM). MDM were stimulated with recombinant IFN-α and/or infected either live or UV-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 two reassortant influenza viruses containing external genes from H1N1 PR8...