Understanding the effects of irrigation regime and soil texture on potassium-use efficiency (KUE) rice (Oryza sativa. L) is essential for improving productivity. In this regard, experiments were conducted from July to October in 2016 2017 by using a randomized complete block design factorial arrangement with four replications. The plants grown three soils, clay contents 40%, 50%, 60%, which marked as S (40%), (50%), (60%), respectively. For each type, regimes, namely, R (F, S100%), S90%),...

Effective water distribution in long-distance supply systems requires precise control over pump station operations and flow-regulating elements, such as speeds valve openings, typically achieved through hydraulic models. However, traditional models are time-intensive to develop require frequent calibration, limiting their practicality for real-time applications. This paper presents a cascaded neural network (CNN) model that integrates classification regression components serve an efficient...

Surge chambers play a critical role in moderating oscillations pumped storage power stations after load disturbances. Owing to the high costs, increased risks, and extended construction times associated with conventional surge (CSCs), we proposed shaft coaxial chamber (SCSC) as an alternative, which was otherwise compact, economical, construction-friendly structural configuration. The present study aimed investigate hydraulic oscillations, stability, flow characteristics of SCSC compared CSC...

A surge chamber is a common pressure reduction facility in hydropower plant. Owing to large flow inertia the upstream headrace tunnel and downstream tailrace tunnel, plant with chambers (HPUDSC) was adopted. This paper aimed investigate operational stability nonlinear dynamic behavior of HPUDSC. Firstly, model HPUDSC system built. Subsequently, were studied based on Hopf bifurcation theory numerical simulation. Finally, influencing factors investigated. The results indicated occurred at...

Soil salinity influences plant growth and crop yield significantly. Former studies indicated that uneven salt distribution in the root zone could relieve stress. But, how Na + Ca 2+ concentration stem, leaf, fruit whether this influence would bring effects on blossom-end rot (BER) still needs to be further studied. Under consideration of this, pot experiment with four treatments, T 1:1 , 1:5 2:4 3:3 was conducted by setting upper soil layer at 1‰, 2‰, 3‰ lower salinities 5‰, 4‰, 3‰,...

The experiments were conducted on tomato plants to study the interactive responses of water levels (W70%: 70% consumption and W90%: 90% consumption) nitrogen rates (N100%: 100% recommended N80%:80% N1.0) under two straw mulching conditions (NS; no introduced WS: with buried layer) growth physiological parameters for fruit growing years assess fertigation layer changes in plant fresh dry biomass, roots photosynthesis rate (PN), stomatal conductance (GS) chlorophyll fluorescence plants. Buried...

In the present study, effect of buried straw (two levels; MS; layer and MN; no layer), nitrogen fertilizer levels: FH, 120 kg ha−1 FL, 80 ha−1), deficit drip irrigation with frequency 2 days regimes: I50; 50% I30; 30% evapotranspiration) was investigated on a greenhouse-grown leafy cabbage for two consecutive seasons. The results indicated that in both seasons, T5 (MNFHI50) gave higher yield when compared to all other treatments but it also utilized more water fertilizer. On hand, 5–10%...

Abstract The experiments were carried out to study the behaviour of deficit drip irrigation based on actual evapotranspiration (ET C ) at 100, 90, 75 and 60% ET respectively, a separate furrow irrigation, maize growth components, yield, water productivity crop production function. conducted under randomized complete block design with three replications. highest (407 275 mm) lowest (244 165 values recorded I 1.00 0.60 for two growing seasons. Compared treatment, savings 33.3–60.0 33.4–60.0%...

Hydraulic models are essential for predicting, estimating, analyzing, and optimizing long-distance water supply systems. Accurate calibration of these is crucial effectively representing the behavior such complex systems achieving a comprehensive understanding. However, limited availability measured data in actual often leads to an ill-posed problem characterized by more variables than equations. This paper proposes framework based on artificial neural networks (ANN) adaptive particle swarm...

Water productivity improvement is fundamental to agricultural water use control, and the footprint provides a new comprehensive method for identifying crop-water relationship. This study intended explore spatiotemporal pattern driving forces underlying rice (WFP) in China during years 1996-2015 based on calculations of provincial blue, green, gray, white footprints.The national paddy cultivation was 240.97 Gm3 , green accounted 43.9% total. The WFP 0.795 kg m-3 increased over time all 30...

Pumped storage plants (PSPs) have achieved rapid development and deployment worldwide since the penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES). Hydraulic transient analysis in PSP, to obtain control parameters such as extreme water hammer pressure, is vital safe design conveyance system. Empirically, simultaneous load rejection (SLR) commonly accepted condition for hammer, while it not completely true PSP. Employing theoretical numerical simulation, this study systematically...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSupercritical Ethanolysis of Wheat Stalk Powder over CaO/Al2O3 and CaO/Al2O3/Fe3O4†Wen-Juan Xu‡, Wei Zhao*‡, Chen Sheng‡, Shi-Teng Zhong‡, Xiao-Na Wu‡, Cai-Hui Yan‡, Sha Bai‡, Zhi-Min Zong‡, Xian-Yong Wei*‡§View Author Information‡ Key Laboratory Coal Processing Efficient Utilization (Ministry Education), China University Mining Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, China§ Hubei Conversion New Carbon Material Laboratory, Wuhan Science 430081,...

Optimization of closure law is the priority selection in solving guaranteed regulation calculation problems due to its simplicity and economy. This present study deals with optimization two-stage wicket gates, which has more advantages control pressure speed rise. The mathematical model transient process established by introducing method characteristic, whose correctness validated field test. Then applied a specific hydropower station that only can employ coordinate contradiction between...

Small hydropower plants are usually run-of-river with a poor adjustment capacity, and, therefore, large tail water fluctuation may be induced during flood discharge. Meanwhile, the turbine units need to quickly started-up due regulation requirements of power grid. However, failures start-up and grid connection often encountered because severe fluctuation. In order achieve rapid stable under fluctuations reduce negative effect on runner blades, law from discharge model test is introduced as...

The gas characteristics of an air vessel is one the key parameters that determines protective effect on water hammer pressure. Because limitation ideal state equation applied for a small-volume vessel, Van der Waals (VDW) and Redlich–Kwong (R–K) are proposed to numerically simulate pressure oscillation. R–K polytropic derived under assumption volume occupied by molecules themselves could be ignored. effects cohesion real equations analyzed using method different diameters. results show has...

<title>Abstract</title> <italic>Aims</italic> Soil salinization poses a significant threat to global agricultural development. To enhance the effectiveness of saline soil improvement, study innovatively utilized combination powder straw interlayer and topsoil mixing for returning field. <italic>Methods</italic> A tomato pot experiment was conducted compare effects different lengths (S₅₀: 50 mm, S₁₀: 10 S₂: 2 mm) burial modes (W_i: interlayer,...