Extracellular space (ECS) volume fraction (α), ECS tortuosity (λ), and nonspecific uptake ( k‘), three parameters affecting the diffusion of substances in nervous tissue, were studied during ischemia anoxia rat spinal cord gray matter vivo. Progressive evoked by exsanguination, as well respiratory or cardiac arrest, produced prominent extracellular K + pH changes closely related to a decrease blood pressure amplitude field potentials. With use ion-selective microelectrodes, measured...

Neuroscience, like most other divisions of natural philosophy, emerged in the Hellenistic world following first experimental discoveries nerves connecting brain with body. The fundamental doctrine on function highlighted role for a specific substance, pneuma, which appeared as substrate and, being transported through hollow nerves, operated peripheral organs. A paradigm shift occurred 17th century when was relocated to grey matter. Beginning from end 18th century, existence active and...

Abstract Four types of glial cells could be distinguished in the grey matter rat spinal cord slices at postnatal days 1‐19 (P1‐P19), based on their pattern membrane currents as revealed by whole cell patch clamp technique, and morphological immunocytochemical features. The recorded were labelled with Lucifer Yellow, which allowed subsequent identification using cell‐type‐specific markers. Astrocytes identified positive staining for fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). These morphologically...

Abstract In the neonatal rat spinal cord, four types of glial cells, namely astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and two precursor can be distinguished based on their membrane current patterns distinct morphological features. present study, we demonstrate that these cells respond to inhibitory neurotransmitters glycine GABA, as revealed with whole‐cell recording configuration patch‐clamp technique. All astrocytes a subpopulation responded glycine. The involvement receptors was inferred from...

To understand the structural alterations that underlie early and late changes in hippocampal diffusivity after hypoxia/ischemia (H/I), apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC W ) were studied 8-week-old rats H/I using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). In CA1 region, ADC analyses performed during 6 months reperfusion compared with cell number/cell-type composition, glial morphology, extracellular space (ECS) parameters obtained by real-time iontophoretic method....

Abstract Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main component of intermediate filaments in astrocytes. To assess its function astrocyte swelling, we compared membrane properties and swelling spinal cord slices 8‐ to 10‐day‐old wild‐type control (GFAP +/+ ) GFAP‐knockout −/− mice. Membrane currents K + accumulation around astrocytes after a depolarizing pulse were studied using whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique. In vivo cell was cortex during spreading depression (SD) 3 6‐month‐old...

Abstract Neuronal activity and many pathological states in the CNS are accompanied by transient astrocytic swelling, which affects excitability, extrasynaptic transmission, neuron–glia interactions. By using three‐dimensional confocal morphometry (3DCM), we quantified morphometric parameters of astrocytes intact tissue. In experiments performed brain cortex slices from transgenic GFAP/EGFP mice, applied 3DCM to study dynamic changes astrocyte morphology during hypotonic stress. Our analysis...

The cell membrane of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes is almost exclusively permeable for K+. Depolarizing hyperpolarizing voltage steps produce in oligodendrocytes, but not astrocytes, decaying passive currents followed by large tail (Itail) after the offset a jump. aim present study was to characterize properties Itail their respective precursors gray matter spinal cord slices. Studies were carried out on 5- 11-day-old rats, using whole-cell patch clamp technique. reversal potential (Vrev)...

Abstract Changes in the membrane properties of reactive astrocytes gliotic cortex induced by a stab wound were studied brain slices 21–28‐day‐old rats, using patch‐clamp technique and correlated with changes resting extracellular K + concentration ([K ] e ) measured vivo ‐selective microelectrodes. Based on current expression, three types identified cortex: A1 expressing time‐ voltage‐independent component additional inwardly rectifying currents (K IR ); A2 delayed outwardly DR complex ,...

Abstract Despite the accumulating data on molecular and cell biological characteristics of neural stem/progenitor cells, their electrophysiological properties are not well understood. In present work, changes in membrane current profiles were investigated course vitro‐induced neuron formation NE‐4C cells. Induction by retinoic acid resulted neuronal differentiation about 50% Voltage‐dependent Na + currents appeared early commitment, often preceding any morphological changes. A‐type K...

Glutamate release, particularly in pathologic conditions, may result cellular swelling. The authors studied the effects of glutamate, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) on extracellular pH (pH e ), potassium concentration ([K + ] changes space (ECS) diffusion parameters (volume fraction α, tortuosity λ) resulting from In isolated spinal cord 4-to 12-day-old rats, application glutamate receptor agonists induced an increase [K ,...