A5059864102- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- South Asian Studies and Conflicts
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Animal Diversity and Health Studies
- Eurasian Exchange Networks
- Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology
- Morphological variations and asymmetry
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Paleopathology and ancient diseases
- Indian History and Philosophy
- Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Global Maritime and Colonial Histories
- Plant and Fungal Species Descriptions
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Asian Studies and History
- Genetic diversity and population structure
Naturalis Biodiversity Center
2015-2024
Australian National University
2024
Leiden University
2023
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
2007-2019
International Institute for Asian Studies
2003
Abstract Aim We assessed the generality of island rule in a database comprising 1593 populations insular mammals (439 species, including 63 species fossil mammals), and tested whether observed patterns differed among taxonomic functional groups. Location Islands world‐wide. Methods measured museum specimens (fossil mammals) reviewed literature to compile animal body size ( S i = mean mass individuals from an population divided by that ancestral or mainland population, M ). used linear...
Abstract Aim We investigated the hypothesis that insular body size of mammals results from selective forces whose influence varies with characteristics focal islands and species, interactions among species (ecological displacement release). Location Islands world‐wide. Methods assembled data on geographic (area, isolation, maximum elevation, latitude) climate (annual averages seasonality temperature precipitation) islands, ecological morphological (number mammalian competitors predators,...
Significance We provide global assessment of the possible link between Pleistocene hominin arrival and island extinction. The existing records on islands around world do not support a significant detrimental impact biotas following colonization prior to Holocene. This suggests that models using extinctions as evidence in anthropogenic megafaunal overhunting, or extensions continental-level extinctions, need be reconsidered.
Islands have long been recognized as distinctive evolutionary arenas leading to morphologically divergent species, such dwarfs and giants. We assessed how body size evolution in island mammals may exacerbated their vulnerability, well human arrival has contributed past ongoing extinctions, by integrating data on 1231 extant 350 extinct species from islands paleo worldwide spanning the 23 million years. found that likelihood of extinction endangerment are highest most extreme Extinction risk...
Many of Madagascar's unique species are threatened with extinction. However, the severity recent and potential extinctions in a global evolutionary context is unquantified. Here, we compile phylogenetic dataset for complete non-marine mammalian biota Madagascar estimate natural rates extinction, colonization, speciation. We measure how long it would take to restore biodiversity under these rates, "evolutionary return time" (ERT). At time human arrival there were approximately 250 mammals on...
The interest in mammalian palaeohistology has increased dramatically the last two decades. Starting 1849 via descriptive approaches, it been demonstrated that bone tissue and vascularisation types correlate with several biological variables such as ontogenetic stage, growth rate, ecology. Mammalian displays a large variety of tissues patterns reaching from lamellar or parallel-fibred to fibrolamellar woven-fibred bone, depending on taxon individual age. Here we systematically review...
Abstract Aim We investigated the hypothesis that insular body size of fossil elephants is directly related to isolation and surface area focal islands. Location Palaeo‐islands worldwide. Methods assembled data on geographical characteristics (area isolation) islands evolution palaeo‐insular species for 22 across 17 Results Our results support generality island rule in sense all but one experienced dwarfism The smallest generally harbour elephants. found no declines with isolation. Body...
Abstract Aim We investigated the hypothesis that body size evolution of mammals is strongly influenced by ecological interactions, resulting in evolutionary divergence species‐rich (e.g. mainland) biotas, and convergence on intermediate but absent species species‐poor insular) biotas. Location Mediterranean palaeo‐islands. Methods assembled data temporal variation palaeo‐insular associated characteristics (colonization or extirpation mammalian competitors predators) for 19 fossil, non‐volant...
Since its first description in 2004, Homo floresiensis has been attributed to a species of own, descendant H. erectus or another early hominid, pathological form sapiens, dwarfed sapiens related the Neolithic inhabitants Flores. In this contribution, we apply geometric morphometric analysis skull (LB1) and compare it with skulls normal insular (Minatogawa Man from Flores), (microcephalics), Asian (Sangiran 17), habilis (KNM ER 1813), Australopithecus africanus (Sts 5). Our includes specimens...
Abstract Aim To assess whether mammalian species introduced onto islands across the globe have evolved to exhibit body size patterns consistent with ‘island rule,’, and test an ecological explanation for evolution of insular mammals. Location Islands worldwide. Methods We assembled data on mass, geographical characteristics (latitude, maximum elevation) communities (number competitors, predators prey) 385 populations 285 islands, comprising 56 extant, non‐volant used linear regression,...
Abstract Aim Our goals here are to: (1) assess the generality of one aspect island rule – progressive trend towards decrease in size larger species for fossil carnivores on islands; (2) offer causal explanations this pattern and deviations from it as far concerned; (3) estimate speed trend. Location Oceanic oceanic‐like islands world‐wide. Methods Body estimates insular their phylogenetically closest mainland relative were obtained our own data published literature. dataset consisted 18 nine...
Endemic mammalian species on islands are generally known to have followed a different evolutionary pathway than their mainland relatives. General patterns, such as body size trends, been described regularly. However, most island mammal unique and each of them is adapted specific local niche part an equally ecological assemblage. Therefore, comparing across taxa, time inherently dangerous without understanding the adaptational value studied feature in compared taxa taking setting into...
Caninae is one of the most studied mammalian groups, nevertheless there are relatively few comparative studies on their neuroanatomy. This work contributes to a better knowledge this subfamily, since it describes external cerebrum anatomy 29 out 35 living species, 11 which described for first time. Information about frontal region appears be welcome supplement study phylogeny. Two distinctive features recognized, that can traced back in fossil record: sulcal pattern medial coronal sulci, and...
Abstract Aim To assess the relative contributions of colonization, speciation and human activities on species richness ( S ) mammalian communities among oceanic islands. Location Palaeo‐islands world‐wide. Methods We compiled lists from published works compared species–area species–isolation relationships for taxa 36 islands over three stages community development during late Pleistocene Holocene: at or founding f ); after in situ speciation, but before colonization by humans s Anthropocene...
Historical changes in sea level caused shifting coastlines that affected the distribution and evolution of marine terrestrial biota. At onset Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) 26 ka, levels were >130 m lower than at present, resulting seaward-shifted shallow shelf seas, with emerging land bridges leading to isolation biota connection land-bridge islands continents. end last ice age, started rise unprecedented rates, coastal retreat, drowning contraction island areas. Although a growing number...
ABSTRACT The endemic insular canid Cynotherium sardous has been known for 1 ½ centuries, yet its phylogenetic position remained unsolved. This was because inherited ancestral characters and acquired adaptations to different ecological pressures could not be separated. In this study the problem is approached again, with use of morphological features that were either overlooked or explained properly, combined results from recent major revisions phylogeny. It appears Xenocyon ancestor...