OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of pertussis by time since vaccination in children Minnesota and Oregon who received 5 doses acellular vaccines (DTaP). METHODS: These cohort analyses included born between 1998 2003 had DTaP recorded state Immunization Information Systems. records statewide surveillance data were combined. Incidence rates ratios for calculated 6 years after receipt fifth dose. RESULTS: The cohorts 224 378 179 011 from Oregon; 458 89 cases identified Oregon, respectively....

Background. The epidemiology of streptococcal infection in pregnant and postpartum women is poorly described recent literature. We used data from multistate surveillance for invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae, group A (GAS), B (GBS) infections to estimate disease incidence severity these populations.

Infants aged <1 year are at highest risk for pertussis-related morbidity and mortality. In 2012, Tdap (tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria acellular pertussis) vaccine was recommended women during each pregnancy to protect infants in the first months of life; data on effectiveness this strategy currently limited. We conducted a case-control evaluation among pertussis cases <2 old with cough onset between 1 January 2011 31 December 2014 from 6 US Emerging Infection Program Network states....

BACKGROUND: Acellular pertussis vaccines replaced whole-cell for the 5-dose childhood vaccination series in 1997. A sixth dose of pertussis-containing vaccine, tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria and acellular pertussis, adsorbed (Tdap), was recommended 2005 adolescents adults. Studies examining Tdap vaccine effectiveness (VE) among who have received all are limited. METHODS: To assess VE duration protection, we conducted a matched case-control study during 2012 epidemic Washington born...

Infants are at greatest risk for severe pertussis. In 2006, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended that adolescents and adults, especially those with infant contact, receive a single dose of Tdap (tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria acellular pertussis vaccine). To assess effectiveness cocooning, we conducted case-control evaluation close contacts. Pertussis cases aged <2 months onset between 1 January 2011 31 December were identified in Emerging Infections Program...

Physical inactivity leads to depression and other adverse health consequences. Pregnant women are an important subgroup study the consequences due physical since it can lead outcomes in pregnancy even after delivery. Therefore, we aimed at understanding level of activity among pregnant women, prevalence prenatal postnatal depressive symptoms whether is associated with symptoms. In ongoing cohort study, measured using a validated Activity Level (PAL) questionnaire. We administered Edinburgh...

Neonates born to mothers with obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased chance of various metabolic disorders later in life. In India, it is unclear whether maternal GDM related offspring adiposity. We aimed understand the independent effect and neonatal adiposity has a mediating between adiposity.We recruited cohort 1120 women (between April 2016 February 2019) from public hospitals Bangalore, who voluntarily agreed participate provided written informed consent. The...

Abstract Background Few studies have explored the relationship between food habits and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women from India. We aimed to investigate associations GDM. Methods As part MAASTHI prospective cohort study urban Bengaluru, India, pregnant 18 45 years, less than 36 weeks gestation were included. During baseline, participant’s age, education, physical activity levels, recorded. Screening GDM was done by World Health Organization diagnostic criteria using a...

Background . Difference in scar formation at different sites, directions the same site, but with changes elasticity of skin age, sex, and race or some pathological conditions, is well known to clinicians. The inappropriate collagen syntheses delayed lack epithelialization are induce negligible site damage. Changes scars may be due an unequal distribution dermal (C) elastic (E) fibers. Materials Methods Spearman correlation coefficients (<mml:math...

Flinders Medical Centre was experiencing issues with timely discharge and knowing the potential discharges in-patient bed capacity for next day. This case study describes application of 'visual management' theory to processes. The solutions developed were 'patient journey boards' 'discharge traffic lights'. implementation these visual management systems has enabled hospital improve its

Purpose: A community-based intervention to compare the effectiveness of pamphlets and videos as education material promote diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening in urban slums Hyderabad identify barriers/facilitators for compliance with DR screening. Methods: cross-sectional survey among people diabetes (sample 267) was followed by a health where patients were allocated into two groups (121 received 102 attended video sessions). The assessed based on uptake facilitating factors barriers...

Background: There is a paucity of data to assess the impact COVID-19 pandemic on persons with disabilities (PwDs) in India. About 27.4 million cases were reported as 27 May 2021. The continuing form subsequent waves expected have negative repercussions for disabled globally, particularly India, where access health, rehabilitation, and social care services very limited. Therefore, this study aimed lockdown restrictions PwDs Objective: To determine level disruption due associated countrywide...

Meghalaya, a state in the northeastern region of India, had markedly low vaccine uptake compared to other states country when COVID-19 vaccines were being rolled out 2021. This study aimed characterize distinct vaccine-hesitant subpopulations healthcare and community settings Meghalaya early days vaccination program. We used data from cross-sectional survey that was administered 200 workers (HCWs) members, who priori identified as ‘vaccine-eligible’ ‘vaccine-hesitant,’ Shillong city, May The...

Background and objectivePublic health interventions are targeted to a diverse population, composed of multiple components, mostly context dependent therefore they often regarded as complex. The complex nature the public discourages use conventional Meta-analytic techniques acts hurdle combine findings studies conducted across different locations. Measuring complexity adjusting for these complexities during Meta-analysis would be an appropriate method address this problem obtains pooled...

Purpose: The effectiveness of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) with and without monetary incentive in uptake diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening at community health center (CHC) was compared South Gujarat, India. Methods: In this non-randomized controlled trial, ASHAs were incentivized to refer people diabetes mellitus (PwDM) from their respective villages for DR after sensitized DM DR. minimum sample size 63 each arm. Results: Of 162, 50.6% females, 80.2% literate, 56.2% >50...

Abstract Background Cesarean section (C-section) delivered infants are more likely to be colonized by opportunistic pathogens, resulting in altered growth. We examined whether C-section (elective/emergency) vs vaginal delivery was associated with weight and linear growth at 1 year of life. Methods A total 638 mother–infant pairs were included from MAASTHI cohort 2016–2019. Information on mode obtained medical records. Based WHO child standards, body mass index-forage z -score (BMI )...