Female reproductive hormones control mammary gland morphogenesis. In the absence of progesterone receptor (PR) from epithelium, ductal side-branching fails to occur. We can overcome this defect by ectopic expression protooncogene Wnt-1 . Transplantation epithelia Wnt-4 − / mice shows that has an essential role in early pregnancy. PR and mRNAs colocalize luminal compartment epithelium. Progesterone induces epithelial cells is required for increased during Thus, Wnt signaling mediating function

There is evidence from both genetic and pharmacologic studies to suggest that the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme plays a causal role in development of colorectal cancer. However, little known about identity or eicosanoid receptor pathways activated by COX-derived prostaglandins (PG). We previously have reported COX-2-derived prostacyclin promotes embryo implantation mouse uterus via activation nuclear hormone peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPAR) δ. In light recent finding PPARδ target...

The implantation of a blastocyst into receptive uterus is associated with series events, namely the attachment reaction followed by decidualization stroma. Previous studies established that gene encoding heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) expressed in luminal epithelium solely at site apposition preceding reaction. We report here expression during 21 genes other signaling proteins, including those belonging to Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), fibroblast (FGF), WNT, and Hedgehog...

The present investigation examined the spatiotemporal expression of estrogen receptors (ER-α and ER-β) progesterone receptor (PR) in periimplantation mouse uterus (days 1–8). ER-α messenger RNA (mRNA) was detected at much higher levels compared with that ER-β mRNA, which were very low all uterine cells during this period. Results situ hybridization demonstrated mRNA primarily luminal glandular epithelia on days 1 2 pregnancy. On 3 4, accumulation localized stromal addition to its presence...

In mammals, >100 genes regulate pigmentation by means of a wide variety developmental, cellular, and enzymatic mechanisms. Nevertheless, that directly pheomelanin production have not been described. Here, we demonstrate the subtle gray ( sut ) mouse mutant arose mutation in Slc7a11 gene, encoding plasma membrane cystine/glutamate exchanger xCT [Kanai, Y. & Endou, H. (2001) Curr. Drug Metab. 2, 339-354]. A resulting low rate extracellular cystine transport into melanocytes reduces...

Increased uterine vascular permeability and angiogenesis are two major events of embryo implantation placentation during pregnancy. These latter processes require coordinated, uterine-specific interactions between progesterone (P4) estrogen (E) signaling. Although roles these steroids have long been suspected, definitive functions E and/or P4 in still remain elusive. We therefore exploited the availability reporter mutant mice to explore regulation response steroid hormonal changes vivo....

Epidemiological studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) significantly reduce the risk and mortality from colorectal cancer, in part by inhibiting prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Cyclooxygenase (COX), rate-limiting enzyme PG biosynthesis, exists two isoforms, COX-1 COX-2. Genetic pharmacological evidences suggest COX-2 is involved development of cancer. We have previously shown COX-2derived prostacyclin participates blastocyst implantation through activation...

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a genetically heterogeneous inherited disease affecting vesicle trafficking among lysosome-related organelles. The Hps3, Hps5, and Hps6 genes are mutated in the cocoa, ruby-eye-2, ruby-eye mouse pigment mutants, respectively, their human orthologs HPS3, HPS5, HPS6 patients. These three encode novel proteins of unknown function. phenotypes Hps5/Hps5,Hps6/Hps6 Hps3/Hps3,Hps6/Hps6 double mutant mice mimic, coat eye colors, melanosome ultrastructure, levels...

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a genetically heterogeneous inherited disease causing hypopigmentation and prolonged bleeding times. An additional serious clinical problem of HPS the development lung pathology, which may lead to severe premature death. No cure for exists, previously, no animal model abnormalities has been reported. A mouse HPS, homozygously recessive both Hps1 (pale ear) Hps2 (pearl) genes, exhibits striking type II cells. Type cells lamellar bodies this mutant are...

Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) is a genetically heterogeneous disease caused by abnormalities in the synthesis and/or trafficking of lysosome-related organelles (LROs) including melanosomes, lamellar bodies lung type II cells and platelet dense granules. At least 15 genes cause HPS mice, with significant number specifying novel subunits protein complexes termed BLOCs (Biogenesis Lysosome-related Organelles Complexes). To ascertain whether BLOC functionally interact vivo, mutant mice doubly...

Embryo-uterine interactions leading to the attachment reaction is followed by stromal cell proliferation and differentiation into decidual cells (decidualization) at sites of blastocyst apposition. In rodents, decidualization also induced application an artificial stimulus (intraluminal oil infusion) in a pseudopregnant uterus, or one that has been appropriately prepared exogenous progesterone (P4) estrogen. The process under control these steroids presence blastocysts deciduogenic stimuli....

Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme in formation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. COX exists 2 isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2. These isoforms are encoded by separate genes demonstrate cell-specific expression regulation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) a nuclear transcription factor that activated prostacyclin. Vascular endothelial growth (VEGF) proangiogenic up-regulated various tumors. has been shown to interact with COX-derived angiogenesis. To...

Many xenobiotics are considered reproductive toxins because of their ability to interact with the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). However, there is evidence that these can regulate gene expression in targets by mechanisms do not involve ERs. To examine this further, we compared effects estrogenic (o,p′-DDT[ 1-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)2,2,2-trichloroethane] Kepone, chlordecone) nonestrogenic (p,p′-DDD[ 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane], a metabolite p,p′-DDT)...

The present investigation examined the spatiotemporal expression of estrogen receptors (ER-α and ER-β) progesterone receptor (PR) in periimplantation mouse uterus (days 1–8). ER-α messenger RNA (mRNA) was detected at much higher levels compared with that ER-β mRNA, which were very low all uterine cells during this period. Results situ hybridization demonstrated mRNA primarily luminal glandular epithelia on days 1 2 pregnancy. On 3 4, accumulation localized stromal addition to its presence...

<i>Background:</i> Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of postoperative remnants lens epithelial cells (LECs) can lead to posterior capsule opacification. This study was designed determine the effect signaling pathways that contribute TGF-β<sub>2</sub>-mediated EMT in human B-3 (HLEB-3 cells). <i>Methods:</i> The HLEB-3 were cultured and stimulated with TGF-β<sub>2</sub> at different concentrations for an indicated time. on cell cycle...

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the microRNA-200b-3p expression in lung adenocarcinoma and possible functional associations with cell proliferation, migration, invasion. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction used detect samples human lines A549 H1299. H1299 cells were transfected either a mimic or negative control microRNA an empty vector adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A-1 overexpression vector. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay employed...

The androgen-regulated 20-kDa protein gene consists of four exons that code for a major secretory rat ventral prostate. Analysis its potential cis-acting transcriptional regulatory elements revealed large intron 1 region (In-1) had stronger androgen response element (ARE) activity than did the 5'-flanking DNA. In cotransfected CV1 cells, In-1 and most active subfragment In-1c functioned as AREs but not glucocorticoid (GRE). Nevertheless several ARE/GRE-like partial palindromic sequences are...

Abstract Curcumin has been shown to suppress the progression of lung cancer, however, underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we aimed investigate effects curcumin on stemness non‐small cell cancer (NSCLC) cells. We found that reduced sphere formation ability at concentrations without affecting viability NSCLC cells and normal pulmonary epithelial cells, which is evident by decrease size number. In addition, decreased ALDH activity expression markers (CD133, EpCAM, Oct4). RNA...

Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can occur as a result of number ocular diseases or ischemic events in the brain, leading to possible vision loss if not treated properly. The overproduction reactive oxygen species is important process I/R injury. Edaravone, free radical scavenger, has been demonstrated have neuroprotective effect cerebral ischemia; however, its against retinal remains be fully elucidated. Therefore, present study investigated effects edaravone on oxidative...