Rear-end collision crash is one of the most common accidents on road. Accurate driving style recognition considering rear-end risk crucial to design useful driver assistance systems and vehicle control systems. The purpose this study develop a method based trajectory data extracted from surveillance video. First, three surrogates, Inversed Time Collision (ITTC), Time-Headway (THW), Modified Margin (MMTC), are selected evaluate level for each driver. in training labelled their using K-mean...

Renewable energy technologies, particularly in electric vehicles (EVs), have received significant attention recent years. The wasted a vehicle's shock absorber can be converted into an alternative source by regenerative absorbers. In this paper, high-efficiency considering twin ball screws transmissions is proposed for application range-extended vehicles. convert vibrational kinetic energy, which traditionally dissipated as heat suspension systems, electricity. system divided four modules:...

Electric scooters are increasingly popular for short-distance commuting. To improve the thermal safety, performance, and lifespan of their batteries, heat needs to be managed. This study proposes a method optimizing air channels in scooter battery pack. It includes an electro-thermal-degradation model predicting battery's electrical behaviors capacity loss, transfer convective exchange between air, genetic algorithm structural optimization air-cooled management system (BTMS). Unlike...

Lateral velocity is an important parameter to characterize vehicle stability. The acquisition of lateral great significance stability control and the trajectory following autonomous vehicles. Aiming resolve problems poor estimation accuracy caused by insufficient modeling traditional model-based methods significant decline in performance case a change road friction coefficient, deep learning method for using LSTM, long-term short-term memory network, designed. LSTM can well reflect inertial...

The optimal engine operating zone of energy management plays an important role in the fuel economy improvement Plug-in hybrid electric buses. However, existing investigations usually design by experience. This paper proposes a robust method for and zone. Firstly, nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC)-based together with single-point preview SOC (state charge) plan is designed. Then, Taguchi designed to find taking as underlying solving module. Particularly, noises driving cycles...

Based on the existed experimental results of 304 stainless steel, evolution fatigue damage during stress-controlled cyclic loading was discussed first. Then, a damage-coupled visco-plastic constitutive model proposed in framework unified visco-plasticity and continuum mechanics to simulate whole-life ratcheting predict failure life material presented uniaxial with non-zero mean stress. In model, whole described by employing non-linear kinematic hardening rule, i.e., Armstrong-Frederick...

Traffic sign, especially speed limit sign recognition is important in a driver assistance system. In this paper, robust approach for real-time detection and of presented. It consists two major steps: recognition. stage, Fast Radial Symmetry Transform utilized to detect possible locations. Then the new method proposed, that named "Largest Containing Circle" used segment characters region. one fuzzy template matching applied coarse recognize number character, Furthermore, we conduct similar...

The energy saving of Plug-in hybrid electric bus (PHEB) can be maximized by co-design method (integrated design topology, component sizing and management). In many cases, the components have been manufactured, so it is a shortcut to realize with existing components. Motivated this, Taguchi robust (TRD) proposed for PHEB. main innovation that noises driving cycles stochastic vehicle mass are considered in TRD, TRD formulated as smaller-the-better (STB) problem. Moreover, signal-to-noise ratio...

In this work, the Bi1-xNdxFeO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) nanofibers have been successfully synthesized by electrospinning. These were about 200–300 nm in diameter up to several hundred microns length. The X-ray diffraction data showed that structure of was transformed from rhombohedral pseudotetragonal phase increasing Nd doping content. Optical absorption study Nd-doping resulted a significant red shift, bandgap energy 2.25, 2.15, 2.07, 2.03eV, respectively. magnetic hysteresis loops...

The safety of high-speed railroads is an important indicator travelers’ trust, and it also factor in determining whether or not the operation volume can reach expected goal. Therefore, railroad companies Europe, United States, Japan have invested heavily establishing monitoring systems order to avoid occurrence disasters strengthen mechanism crisis response emergency treatment. High-speed may occur a variety accidents, different disaster warning, rescue, need equipment, contingency measures,...