To determine whether a cumulative sleep debt (in range commonly experienced) would result in changes measures of waking neurobehavioral alertness, 16 healthy young adults had their restricted 33% below habitual duration, to an average 4.98 hours per night [standard deviation (SD) = 0.57] for seven consecutive nights. Subjects slept the laboratory, and were monitored by staff actigraphy. Three times each day (1000, 1600, 2200 hours) subjects assessed subjective sleepiness (SSS) mood (POMS)...

The potential seriousness of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is increasingly recognized; however, information on the frequency MTBI among high school athletes limited.To identify type, frequency, and severity in selected sports activities.Observational cohort study.Two hundred forty-six certified athletic trainers recorded exposure data for varsity participating boys' football, wrestling, baseball field hockey, girls' volleyball softball, basketball, soccer at 235 US schools during 1 or...

A computerized neuropsychological test battery was conducted to evaluate memory dysfunction and self-reporting of symptoms in a group high school athletes who had suffered concussion.Neuropsychological performance prior following concussion compared with the an age-matched control group. Potentially important diagnostic markers severity are discussed linked recovery within 1st week injury.High mild demonstrated significant declines processes relative noninjured Statistically differences...

Background: Investigations into hamstring strain injuries at the elite level exist in sports such as Australian Rules football, rugby, and soccer, but no large-scale study exists on incidence circumstances surrounding these National Football League (NFL). Hypothesis: Injury rates will vary between different player positions, times season, across playing situations. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Between 1989 1998, injury data were prospectively collected by athletic...

This cohort observational study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that incidence of injuries for girls participating in high school sports is greater than boys. From 1995 through 1997, players were included our if they listed on school's varsity team roster boys’ or girls’ basketball, soccer, baseball, softball. Injuries and opportunities injury recorded daily. Certified athletic trainers reported exposure data. Based 39,032 player-seasons 8988 injuries, rates per 100 softball (16.7)...

Injuries to the hip account for approximately 10% of all injuries in football, but definitive diagnosis is often challenging. Although these are uncomplicated contusions or strains, intra-articular lesions increasingly found be sources pain.The objective was define incidence and etiologic factors intra- extra-articular National Football League (NFL).Descriptive epidemiology study.The NFL Injury Surveillance System used hip-related from 1997 2006. were included if athlete missed more than 2...

Background High rotational traction between football shoes and the playing surface may be a potential mechanism of injury for lower extremity. Hypothesis Rotational at shoe-surface interface depends on shoe design type. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods A mobile testing apparatus with compliant ankle was used to apply rotations measure torque interface. The mechanical surrogate compare 5 cleat patterns (total 10 models) 4 surfaces (FieldTurf, AstroPlay, 2 natural grass...

Background: Concussion in the National Football League (NFL) remains an important issue. An initial description of injury epidemiology involved 6 years from 1996 to 2001. Hypothesis: The increased attention concussions may have resulted team physicians being more conservative treating players recent years. Study Design: Two consecutive 6-year periods (1996-2001 and 2002-2007) were compared determine changes circumstances associated with injury, patterns signs symptoms, players’ time loss...

ORCHARD, J. W., and W. POWELL. Risk of Knee Ankle Sprains under Various Weather Conditions in American Football. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 35, No. 7, pp. 1118–1123, 2003. Purpose Previous studies have found conflicting relationships between type playing surface injury football but not taken into account possible variations the conditions outdoor stadiums due to changing weather. Methods A total 5910 National Football League team games 1989 1998 inclusive were studied determine...

To analyze groin and abdominal strain injuries retrospectively among elite male hockey players in the National Hockey League (NHL) over six seasons of play (1991/92 to 1996/97).Retrospective case series design.The NHL.The NHL participants were an inclusive sample 7,050 who played from 1991/92 1996/97 seasons. A subset 2,600 1995/96 was further analyzed.The injury definition for groin/abdominal included any recorded as a muscle involving abdominal, hip flexor, or adductor groups. Femoral,...

We evaluated the relationship of cervical spinal stenosis with occurrence "stingers" in collegiate football players who participated at our institution from 1987 through 1991. Preparticipation spine radio graphs 266 were used to measure Torg ratio. Forty stingers identified: 34 had an extension-compression mechanism; 6 a brachial plexus stretch mechanism. Time-loss neck injuries oc curred 31 players; remaining 195 asymptomatic. The mean ratio was significantly smaller for stinger group (P =...

We studied midfoot sprains in collegiate football players to define and document incidence, mechanisms, injury patterns, disabilities. Twenty-three athletes with 24 injuries from 1987 through 1991, a mean followup of 30.8 months, were identified for the study. The occurred 4% per year offensive linemen incurring 29.2% injuries. location maximal tenderness on physical examination was an important prognostic indicator such that medial global palpation had longest time loss participation until...

This study focuses on the injury rates for natural grass and AstroTurf surfaces risk factors of game position type play. We examined game-related knee sprains, medial collateral ligament anterior cruciate sprains that occurred in National Football League during 1980 to 1989 seasons. The findings are controlled categories severity (number games missed due injury), position, situation (rushing or passing) at time injury. analysis data incorporates epidemiologic techniques associated with...

Objective: To validate a non-invasive measure of biological maturity (percentage predicted mature height at given age) with an established indicator [skeletal age (SA)] in youth American football players. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Two communities central Michigan. Participants: 143 players 9.27 to 14.24 years. Methods: Height and weight were measured, hand-wrist radiographs taken. SA assessed the Fels method was criterion status. Chronological (CA), height, player midparent used...

Joint flexibility and laxity as measured by 5 indices among 2,300 West Point cadets demonstrated no statistical relationship to joint injuries, or the need for surgical intervention resulting from injuries sustained in general athletic competition involving ankle, knee, shoulder, elbow. Similarly, relationships were seen a high school collegiate football team. Parameters of vary significantly different population groups related age, sex, type activity which individual is participating. In...

Players in the National Football League (NFL) sustain injuries every season as result of their participation. One factor associated with rate injury is type playing surface on which players participate.There no difference knee sprains and ankle during NFL games when comparing rates those played natural grass surfaces artificial FieldTurf.Descriptive epidemiology study.The records exposure (ie, game) data part its surveillance system. During 2000-2009 seasons, there were 2680 (5360 team...

A 6-year study was conducted to determine the signs, symptoms, and outcome of concussions with 7 or more (7+) days out from play extended postconcussion recovery in National Football League (NFL).From 1996 2001, reporting concussion performed by NFL teams using a special standardized form filled team physicians. Signs symptoms were grouped general somatic complaints, cranial nerve effects, cognition problems, memory unconsciousness. Medical action taken management recorded. In all, 887...

OBJECTIVE: A 6-year study was conducted to determine the signs, symptoms, and management of repeat concussion in National Football League players. METHODS: From 1996 2001, concussions were reported by 30 teams using a standardized reporting form filled out team physicians with input from athletic trainers. Signs symptoms grouped general somatic complaints, cranial nerve effects, cognition problems, memory unconsciousness. Medical actions taken recorded. RESULTS: Data captured for 887...