The informal economy is considered among the most important factors because of its direct relationship with environmental degradation. main contribution paper to investigate empirically causal between economic growth and CO2 emissions in presence for Tunisia, during period 1980–2009. This study conducted on basis Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC). We found a monotonically increasing total GDP (the sum formal economy) as well emissions. Thus there no evidence that supports EKC...

Many researches have been conducted to provide theoretical explanations and/or empirical evidence of how globalization affects environmental quality. However, not reached consensus, research has yet clarified the possible effects in developing countries particularly. For Saudi Arabia from 1981 2018, we tested Kuznets curve hypothesis (EKC). We studied impact on ecological footprint (ECP) relying QARDL approach. Four indicators are used namely: social (GLOBS), economic (GLOBE), political...

Examining the impact of oil prices on renewable energy consumption is crucial for supporting global transition, guiding economic and investment decisions, advancing environmental goals. This research aims to analyze short-term long-term connections between fluctuation in Kingdom Saudi Arabia from 1990 2020. We utilized nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) models positive negative price shocks KSA. Renewable dependent variable, while GDP, prices, trade openness are independent...

Several studies have proven a positive impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on economic growth. Nevertheless, some suggested limited effect, while others found no statistically significant effect. Faced with this problem, we conducted study the aim to assess role moderation ICT diffusion between financial development expansion in Saudi Arabia from 1990 2019. Using bootstrap approach for ARDL model, results prove that as well affect negatively (positively) development....

Abstract Given the increase in number of terrorist attacks African countries, a better understanding relationship between terrorism, informal economy and public debt is essential for policymakers. The model empirically tested 47 countries during period 1996–2015. We use ordinary least squares (OLS), random effects (ER) system generalized method moments (GMM). Three terrorism indicators are used: uncertain, domestic, transnational. results confirm that rise lead to an debt. also show...

Since its revolution in 2010, Tunisia has known a drastic decrease of GDP reaching the lowest level during two last decades. In this context, paper examines relationship between oil prices, and energy consumption for over 1986–2014 period. The error-correction model (VECM) is employed to investigate dynamic causality relationships among variables. short run, we find unidirectional from price GDP, but does not indicate price. long our results suggest existence bi-directional Granger price,...

The economy of Arab countries faces an extremely difficult and complex year 2020. crisis caused by the shock Covid-19 alters production system a double supply demand, it is crucial to draw up first detailed assessment ramifications this crisis, which would make possible better pose challenges economic policy for future years, faced with seemingly heavy record. This paper studies impact COVID-19 on more particularly financial markets in terms fragility as well commercial services monetary...

This paper presents estimates of the informal economy in 41 African countries, including North Africa, Southern East Central Africa and West during period 2007–2013. Using a structural equation model with latent variables, empirical results indicate that average size (in% formal gross domestic product) countries is 42.9%, 39.9% 5 40.02% 11 southern 43.24% 6 45.5% 7 45.21% 12 Africa. We suggest economic policy recommendations to solve dilemma not only regions but also different such as:...

The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on unemployment is a subject debate among researchers and policymakers. This study investigates how AI affects educated people with disabilities in 33 countries from 2004 to 2021. Several conclusions have been reached. First, both static dynamic panel data estimators show that reduces aggregate men disabilities. In contrast, there no significant the women Second, smooth transition regression model provides compelling evidence for existence two...

This paper has two main goals. The first is to estimate the size of informal economy between 1980 and 2009 in Tunisia. second objective check for causal relationship from formal economy. When calculating economy, we were based on a recent environmental approach proposed by Karanfil Ozkaya (2007). Our results, estimation Kalman filter, reveal that GDP U-shaped curve over time. Furthermore, found range 14% 29% during same period. Cointegration Granger causality tests show there running GDP....

Since the adoption of Paris Agreement (UNFCCC, 2015), education has indeed been recognized internationally as an essential tool for informing, raising awareness and engaging public in fight against climate change. The current study utilizes ARDL model to investigate nonlinear relationship between economic growth, carbon emissions Saudi Arabia over period 2017–2020. results show that primary no effect on CO2 while secondary tertiary have a negative emissions. also confirm non-linear inverted...