The increasing production of neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets for technological applications results in disposal problems. NdFeB contain a significant quantity rare earth elements (REEs). China is the largest REEs producer, but it applies quotas and increases export prices REEs. To address this issue, study aims at investigating recovery process from scrap magnets. After oxidation magnet powders, selective leaching with nitric acid was carried out to achieve high-purity REE-rich liquor....

Neodymium iron boron magnets (NdFeB) play a critical role in various technological applications due to their outstanding magnetic properties, such as high maximum energy product, remanence and coercivity. Production of NdFeB is expected rise significantly the coming years, for this reason, demand rare earth elements (REE) will not only remain but it also increase even more. The recovery has become essential satisfy recent years. In present study from new promising process flowsheet proposed...

Nowadays, with the evolution of technology, rare earths are raw materials for a multitude products, especially in high technological applications. A amount REEs is used production permanent magnets, particularly NdFeB. The demand some REEs, including neodymium, praseodymium, and dysprosium, expected to increase coming years. defined as critical due their supply risk economic importance. Recycling secondary supplying future one promising option, best candidates NdFeB magnets. magnets include...

Due to their remarkable magnetic properties, such as a high maximum energy product, remanence, and coercivity, NdFeB magnets are used in variety of technological applications. Because very limited recycling, numbers spent widely available the market. In addition China’s monopoly on supply most rare earth elements, there is need for recovery these critical metals, import price poses an economic environmental challenge manufacturers. This paper proposes pyrometallurgical recycling method...

This study explores both pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods for decarbonizing recovering valuable metals from bauxite residue, with hydrogen plasma reduction direct acid leaching as the primary approaches. The goal is to offer innovative techniques extracting a by-product of Bayer process, which cannot be disposed in an environmentally sustainable manner. Additionally, reducing volume residue through combined treatments key objective. In contrast traditional carbon-based...

Nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) particles were synthesized by the one step Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP) process from nitrate salt solution (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O). Various influential parameters, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O concentrations (0.01875–0.0375 M) in initial solution, carrier gas (N2) flow rates (0.5–0.75 L/min) to reaction temperature (400–800 °C), tested investigate their role on final ZnO particles’ morphology. For this purpose, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High Resolution Transmission...

Yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) particles were synthesised from a yttrium nitrate solution via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method. The effects of temperature and precursor concentration on morphology microstructural parameters investigated. Y characterised by scanning-electron-microscope energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy X-ray diffraction analysis. Based peak broadening, the crystallite size was calculated using modified Debye–Scherrer (MDS) Furthermore, size, crystal strain...

Nanoparticle properties are correlated to their size, size distribution, and shape; it is essential accurately measure these features in the field of nanoscience. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized with ultrasonic-spray-pyrolysis (USP) method from a water solution nitrate. The AgNPs characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) reveal distribution. A search algorithm based on an image-processing technique obtain particle...

Efficient recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from scrap NdFeB magnets is a significant requirement for circular economy. Therefore, the development cost-effective and environmentally friendly leaching process dissolution iron REEs has received extensive interest. In this study, magnet powders in sulphuric acid solution was investigated detail. Taguchi orthogonal array employed first time to define optimise influence concentration, solid-to-liquid ratio stirring speed on extraction...

This paper proposes a pyrometallurgical recycling method for end-of-life NdFeB magnets by oxidizing them in air and subsequently smelting them. The process enabled the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs), producing new reach concentrate separating iron as metallic phase. From products smelting, phase showed maximum Fe content 92.3 wt.%, while slag total REE (Nd, Pr, Dy) 47.47 both at temperature 1500 °C. ICE-OES XRD analysis were conducted on phases, results that metal consists mainly...

Abstract In the production of SmCo permanent magnets with excellent temperature stability, corrosion resistance, and oxidation samarium (Sm), one rare earth elements (REEs), cobalt (Co) are employed. Cobalt is a crucial component in tool materials, nickel-based alloys, tablet smartphone batteries, electric car batteries. REEs Co have been listed as critical raw materials by European Union Commission for many years. Due to ever-growing demand technological applications, recovery these from...

A complete mechanical design concept of an electromyogram (EMG) controlled hybrid prosthetic hand, with 24 degree freedom (DOF) anthropomorphic structure is presented. Brushless DC motors along Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators are used to achieve dexterous functionality. An 8 channel EMG for detecting 7 basic hand gestures control purposes. The will be integrated the Neural Network (NNE) based controller in next phase study.

NdFeB magnets are employed in various technological applications due to their outstanding magnetic properties, such as high maximum energy product, remanence and coercivity. Production of has gathered more interest, therefore the demand for rare earth elements (REEs) continuously increased. The recovery REEs become essential satisfy this recent years. In present study, a promising flowsheet is proposed from magnets, follows: (1) acid baking, (2) employment ultrasound-assisted water leaching,...

Samarium-cobalt (SmCo) magnets, comprised of rare earth elements (REE), and cobalt (Co) are widely employed in diverse sectors such as aerospace, medical, defense, automotive, more due to their unique properties outstanding high-temperature resistance, superior corrosion a higher Curie temperature, high energy density. REE Co on the critical metals list for many years, along with increased production costs challenges. With increasing amount waste SmCo, recycling these magnets has gained...

Red mud is a by-product of alumina production, which largely stored in landfills that can endanger the environment. mud, or bauxite residue, mixture inorganic compounds iron, aluminum, sodium, titanium, calcium and silicon mostly, as well large number rare earth elements small quantities. Although certain methods using red already exist, none them have been widely implemented on scale. This paper proposes combination two for utilization first by carbothermic reduction then, leaching under...

In this study, a magnetic adsorbent material was produced, by environmentally friendly and inexpensive precursor materials, to clean wastewater that may result from primary secondary rare earth metal (REM) production. Then, the absorption of Nd3+ ions done process's kinetic isotherm models were developed. Thus, removal with materials accomplished, then, precious recovered using different acid media. First, Fe sub-micron particles successfully produced polyol method. To increase stability...

Abstract Samarium (Sm), as one of the rare earth elements (REEs), has gained significant attention in production SmCo magnets due to their high corrosion and oxidation resistance, well high-temperature stability. find applications various industries, including but not limited national defense, aerospace, military, medical equipment. Sm Co have been classified a critical metal its economic importance supply risk. Recovering from is an effective method ensure stable supply. The present study...

Abstract Rare earth elements (REEs) and cobalt (Co) are listed as critical raw materials because of their importance in global industrial production growth, high supply risk, economic significance. The recovery Co REEs from secondary resources is therefore proposed a key countermeasure to address this concern. In study, straightforward process that integrates acid baking water leaching for the samarium (Sm) scrap SmCo magnets. Firstly, chemical composition magnets revealed by ICP-OES XRF....

The NdFeB magnets are a significant component of technological applications, which contain remarkable quantity rare earth elements (REEs). For this reason, the recycling is essential for reuse these elements. This research represents strategy magnets, consists iron minimization through in-situ hydrolysis during oxidative leaching and hematite precipitation in an autoclave. influence experimental parameters Fe3+ nitric acid medium on formation mixture oxide hydroxide was examined detail....

Because of their high mixing entropies, multi-component alloys can exhibit enhanced catalytic activity compared to traditional catalysts in various chemical reactions, including hydrogenation, oxidation, and reduction processes. In this work, new AgCoCuFeNi entropy alloy nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrogen reduction-assisted ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. The aim was investigate effects processing parameters (reaction temperature, precursor solution concentration, residence...

Due to their unique properties, iron nanoparticles find diverse applications across various fields, including catalysis, electronics, wastewater treatment, and energy storage. Nano-iron particles are mostly sub-micrometer that highly reactive both air (oxygen) water, in (size below 100 nm), it is even more rapid than the bulk material. This characteristic limits its use inert environments. Iron not toxic used for treatment. Understanding hydrogen reduction mechanisms conditions lead...