The need of light weight alloys for future transportation industry puts Sc and Ti under a sudden demand. While these metals can bring unique desired properties to alloys, lack reliable sources brought forth supply problem which be solved by valorization the secondary resources. Bauxite residue (red mud), with considerable content, is promising resource secure metals. Due drawbacks direct leaching route from bauxite residue, such as silica gel formation low selectivity towards valuable...

Abstract Raising social awareness and environmental specifications on cyanide application force gold industry to search for alternative leaching reagents. Therefore, researchers worldwide investigate alternatives recovery since several decades. Often the research activities cannot be compared directly, different input materials experimental conditions are used. Over course of this study, promising reagents were investigated in terms their capability pure dissolution at temperatures. All...

The increasing production of neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets for technological applications results in disposal problems. NdFeB contain a significant quantity rare earth elements (REEs). China is the largest REEs producer, but it applies quotas and increases export prices REEs. To address this issue, study aims at investigating recovery process from scrap magnets. After oxidation magnet powders, selective leaching with nitric acid was carried out to achieve high-purity REE-rich liquor....

Neodymium iron boron magnets (NdFeB) play a critical role in various technological applications due to their outstanding magnetic properties, such as high maximum energy product, remanence and coercivity. Production of NdFeB is expected rise significantly the coming years, for this reason, demand rare earth elements (REE) will not only remain but it also increase even more. The recovery has become essential satisfy recent years. In present study from new promising process flowsheet proposed...

The optimization of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) recycling is crucial not only from a waste management perspective but also to decrease the dependence on imports critical raw materials. In addition, diversification technologies very important for better flexibility market. This study aims at investigating recovery Co spent LiBs using solvent extraction real chloride-based solution obtained after removal Mn, which rarely reported. Cyanex 272 was used as extractant and effect several variables...

In situ measurements of the chemical identity and quantity anode gases during electrochemical rare earth (RE) electrolysis from fluoride-based molten salts composed different kinds oxides (REOs) were performed using FTIR spectrometry. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) was carried out to characterize oxidation processes determine anodic effect NdF3 + PrF3 LiF REO melt. RE complex formation subsequent reactions on GC surface discussed understand pathways CO/CO2 perfluorocarbon (PFC), mainly CF4...

Due to its alkalinity, red mud produced by the Bayer process may affect both environment and human health. For this reason, further utilization instead of disposal is great importance. Numerous methods have already been studied for hydrometallurgical treatment mud, especially recovery various metallic components such as iron, aluminum, titanium or rare earth elements. This study focuses on extraction from in particular mineralogical changes, induced leaching. Sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid...

Due to their remarkable magnetic properties, such as a high maximum energy product, remanence, and coercivity, NdFeB magnets are used in variety of technological applications. Because very limited recycling, numbers spent widely available the market. In addition China’s monopoly on supply most rare earth elements, there is need for recovery these critical metals, import price poses an economic environmental challenge manufacturers. This paper proposes pyrometallurgical recycling method...

Manganese plays a central role in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) but its recycling is rarely addressed when compared to other valuable metals present LIBs, such as Co and Ni. Thus, the main goal of this work was study achieve separation Mn from Ni by solvent extraction leachate obtained LIBs using hydrochloric acid an upscaled reactor, which innovative aspect work. The results confirmed high selectivity D2EHPA towards Mn, could be completely extracted two stages (0.5 M at pH 2.5). co-extracted...

Hardfacing is a welding-related technique aimed at depositing harder and tougher layer onto softer, less wear-resistant substrate or base metal. This process enhances the abrasion resistance of component, increasing its durability under working conditions. A key feature hardfacing dilution, which refers to mixing In this study, shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) was employed hardface structural steel using chromium carbide vanadium consumables, with results compared AISI D2 cold-work tool...

The glycine nitrate procedure (GNP) is a method that proved to be the easiest and most effective for controlling composition morphology during synthesis of Co0.9R0.1MoO4 (R = Ho, Yb, Gd). This combustion process achieves control stoichiometry, homogeneity, purity. Metal nitrates were mixed in appropriate stoichiometric ratios produce samples obtained by mentioned further subjected different characterization methods such as differential thermal analyses (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier...

This study explores both pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods for decarbonizing recovering valuable metals from bauxite residue, with hydrogen plasma reduction direct acid leaching as the primary approaches. The goal is to offer innovative techniques extracting a by-product of Bayer process, which cannot be disposed in an environmentally sustainable manner. Additionally, reducing volume residue through combined treatments key objective. In contrast traditional carbon-based...

A combination of pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes showed promising results for the sustainable valorisation red mud with selective iron recovery. However; high Si content in its slags produced by treatment Fe removal makes these secondary resources untreatable conventional acid leaching routes due to formation silica gel. In this study, synthesized electric arc furnace smelting, which contain both moderate extensive SiO2, were exposed dry digestion aiming Sc recovery...

Laterite ores are becoming the most important global source of nickel and cobalt. Pyrometallurgical processing laterites is still a dominant technology, but share cobalt produced by application various hydrometallurgical technologies increasing. Hydrometallurgy less energy-demanding process, resulting in lower operational costs environmental impacts. This review covers past for (Caron), current (high-pressure acid leaching, atmospheric heap leaching), developing (Direct nickel, Neomet) as...

The presence of a considerable amount scandium in lateritic nickel-cobalt ores necessitates the investigation possible processing alternatives to recover as byproduct during nickel and cobalt production. Therefore, this study, rather than interfering with main production circuit, precipitation-separation behavior pH-controlled precipitation process from synthetically prepared solution was investigated adopt Sc recovery circuit into an already existing hydrometallurgical hydroxide plant....

Magnesium carbonate powders are essential in the manufacture of basic refractories capable withstanding extremely high temperatures and for special types cement used paper, rubber, pharmaceutical industries. A novel synthesis route is based on CO2 absorption/sequestration by minerals. This combines global challenge climate change with materials development. Carbon dioxide has fourth highest composition earth’s atmosphere next to nitrogen, oxygen argon plays a big role warming due greenhouse...