Abstract Background: Normal sleep is paramount for a healthy lifestyle and high quality of life. Sleep modulates the immune system thus affects course several chronic inflammatory conditions. There are no reported studies that address role disturbance in bowel disease (IBD). The aim this study was to characterize IBD using validated measures Methods: A self‐administered, mail‐in questionnaire package sent 205 subjects after brief instruction. composed Pittsburgh Quality Index (PSQI), measure...

Abstract Introduction: One of the proposed second hit mechanisms in pathophysiology non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is hepatic oxidative stress triggered by elevated levels endotoxin. We investigated one possible mechanism for endotoxaemia – disruption intestinal barrier integrity. Methods: enrolled 16 subjects with fatty liver (10 NASH; 6 steatosis) and 12 healthy subjects. Steatosis NASH were diagnosed biopsy using Brunt criteria. Gastrointestinal permeability was measured urinary...

Hepatitis B virus, a common cause of viral hepatitis, consumes large portion health resources in developing countries. Data obtained from the Survey Health and Disease Islamic Republic Iran were analysed with respect to hepatitis B-carrier epidemiology. Since precise mode transmission is not well known, study was designed evaluate its as community-acquired disease. HBsAg tests performed on sera 39 841 persons impact several factors prevalence rate HBV carriers determined. The varied between...

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) requires endotoxemia and is commonly associated with intestinal barrier leakiness. Using monolayers of epithelial cells as an in vitro model, we showed that ethanol-induced disruption mediated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) upregulation, (NO) overproduction, oxidation/nitration cytoskeletal proteins. We hypothesized iNOS inhibitors [NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), l-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (l-NIL)] vivo will inhibit the above cascade...

OBJECTIVES Several studies suggest that stressful situations (stressors) worsen the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but mechanism is not known. Based on several lines evidence, we hypothesized psychosocial stress activates brain-gut axis (BGA) and mucosal mast cells (MC), activated MC produce proinflammatory cytokines. To test this hypothesis, determined whether stressor-induced activation BGA exaggerated in IBD patients. METHODS Stress was induced 15 patients who were remission...

Using monolayers of intestinal Caco-2 cells, we discovered that the θ isoform protein kinase C (PKC), a member “novel” subfamily PKC isoforms, is required for monolayer barrier function. However, mechanisms underlying this novel effect remain largely unknown. Here, sought to determine whether mechanism by which PKC-θ disrupts permeability and dynamics in epithelium involves PKC-θ-induced alterations claudin isotypes. We used cell clones recently developed, were transfected with varying...

Almost 70 years ago, Alan Turing predicted that within half a century, computers would possess processing capabilities sufficient to fool interrogators into believing they were communicating with human. While his prediction materialized slightly later than anticipated, he also foresaw critical limitation: machines might never become the subject of their own thoughts, suggesting may achieve self-awareness. Recent advancements in AI, however, have reignited interest concept consciousness,...

Almost 70 years ago, Alan Turing predicted that within half a century, computers would possess processing capabilities sufficient to fool interrogators into believing they were communicating with human. While his prediction materialized slightly later than anticipated, he also foresaw critical limitation: machines might never become the subject of their own thoughts, suggesting may achieve self-awareness. Recent advancements in AI, however, have reignited interest concept consciousness,...

Awareness and consciousness are often used interchangeably, yet they represent distinct cognitive phenomena. While is commonly perceived as a state of mind encompassing one’s environment self, awareness the subjective experience derived from objective mental processes. This transformation converts sensation into perception, knowledge knowing, emotion feeling, memory remembering. Despite its undeniable importance, challenges current physical framework brain function, sparking debates about...

This paper introduces a conceptual framework—Quantum Trilogy Theory of Consciousness (QTTC)—which integrates the _Trilogy Consciousness_ with structural analogies from _Quantum Field Theory_ to model field structured awareness. In QTTC, consciousness is not treated as direct output neural computation, but transformation within an awareness field. Drawing QFT concepts such vacuum states, symmetry breaking, gauge fixing, and excitation, metaphorically maps analogy intention, decision-making,...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects more than 1 million Americans with 30,000 new cases diagnosed each year. IBD increases patient morbidity and susceptibility to colorectal cancer, yet its etiology remains unknown. Current models identify two key determinants of pathogenesis: hyperpermeability the gut epithelial barrier bacterial products an abnormal immune response these products. Two factors seem critical for hyperpermeability: oxidant-induced stress proinflammatory cytokines (e.g.,...

Using monolayers of intestinal (Caco-2) cells, we showed that oxidants disassemble the microtubule cytoskeleton and disrupt barrier integrity (permeability) (Banan et al., 2000a). Because exposure our<i>parental</i> cells to causes protein kinase C (PKC)-δ be translocated particulate fractions, hypothesized PKC-δ activation is required for these oxidant effects. Monolayers <i>parental</i> Caco-2 were incubated with (H₂O₂) ± modulators. Other transfected an inducible...