Wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an invasive species widely distributed in several regions of the world, where it shares a large area with domesticated sunflower. The imidazolinone-tolerant enables control problematic weeds (such as Xanthium spp., Brassica wild sunflower) imidazolinone herbicides (Clearfield® production system) cultivated crops, but could facilitate gene transfer herbicide resistance, from to sunflower, generating hard-to-control weed biotypes or herbicide-resistant...

The evaluation of potential biostimulants to be used in sustainable horticulture production is a crucial goal research. Most research has focused on the effects plant growth, and less seed germination seedling growth. This study evaluated biostimulatory mugwort extract growth several vegetable crops (onion, carrot, tomato, rapeseed, cauliflower lettuce), order test its application as biostimulant. phenolic acid composition acids’ rankings were: homovanillic > gentisic gallic caffeic =...

The allelopathic plant extracts can be applied as soil or foliar bioherbicides and are capable of suppressing germination growth several weeds, some which herbicide resistant. This study evaluated the activity aqueous extract aerial biomass mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) on seed seedling redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus maize (Zea mays L.), in order to a potential bioherbicide. was qualitatively examined for presence bioactive compounds it Petri dish pot bioassays quantifying its...

The influence of a non‐ionic surfactant (20% isodecyl alcohol ethoxylate plus 0.7% silicone surfactants), an anionic (25.5% alkylethersulfate sodium salt), and vegetable oil (95% natural rapeseed with 5% compound emulsifiers) on the performance rainfastness new commercial formulation tribenuron‐methyl was assessed four broad‐leaved weeds: wild mustard ( Sinapis arvensis ), scentless mayweed Tripleurospermum inodorum common poppy Papaver rhoeas lambsquarters Chenopodium album ). In one...

Two field experiments were carried out in 2006 and 2007 central Italy (42°57'N, 12°22'E, 165 m a.s.l.) order to investigate the influence of site, planting densities/spacings cutting cycles on biomass production four poplar clones [(Populus – generosa) Populus nigra "Monviso" "AF6", canadensis "AF2", deltoides "SIRIO"] selected for SRF. Hardwood cuttings each clone planted at two different densities designs: a) low density = 5500 ha-1 placed a single-row design; b) high 11000 coupled-row...

Three field experiments were carried out in organic winter wheat three consecutive years (exp. 1, 2005-06; exp. 2, 2006-07; 3, 2007-08) central Italy (42°57' N - 12°22' E, 165 m a.s.l.) order to evaluate the efficacy against weeds and effects on of two main mechanical weed control strategies: 1) spring tine harrowing used at different application times (1 passage T1; 2 passages time 1 T1 followed by + 14 days) crop sowed narrow (traditional) row spacing (0.15 m) 2) split-hoeing...

Understanding the dynamics of invasive species under global climate change requires knowledge about effects environmental factors on germination and emergence. We considered Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., an that is quickly invading Southern European agricultural systems, performed assays in growth chambers at eight constant temperatures with alternating light (2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 °C, 12 h/12 h—light/dark), three (12/18, 17/23, 22/28 h—light/dark) fixed (15, 25 °C) complete...

The capacity of two grasses, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), to remove terbuthylazine (TBA) from polluted solutions has been assessed in hydroponic cultures. Different TBA concentrations (0.06, 0.31, 0.62, 1.24 mg/L) were chosen test the grasses resist chemical. Aerial biomass, effective (to cause reductions 10, 50, 90% plant aerial biomass) chlorophylls contents found be more affected. Tall was capable removing growth media. Furthermore, enzymes...

Two field experimental trials were carried out in central Italy, 2005 and 2006, on biomass sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] order to assess weed control efficacy selectivity the crop of some pre-and post-emergence herbicides applied at different doses mixtures.All showed good crop, although postemergence treatments higher transitory phytotoxicity effects than pre-emergence treatments, especially when high temperatures occurred after decreasing leaf (i.e.MCPA, 2,4-D, bromoxynil...

Safflower is a multipurpose crop with several uses that can offer benefits to rainfed cereal-based cropping systems due its tolerance cold, drought, salinity, and reduced need for agricultural inputs. requires good weed control optimum yields because it very poor competitor weeds, especially at the early growth stage, but registered pre-emergence herbicides are not available. This research investigated effects of on yield safflower in central Italy, through two field experiments 2019 2020....

From the organic extract of Lavandula stoechas, a Mediterranean native plant species, two new phytotoxic copaane sesquiterpenoids were isolated and named stoechanones A B (1 2). They obtained together with methyl esters caffeic p-coumaric acids flavonoid apigenin (3–5, respectively). The structures determined by spectroscopic (essentially 1D 2D 1H 13C NMR HRESIMS) chemical methods, they characterized as 9,10-dihydroxy-8-isopropyl-1,5-dimethyltricyclo[4.4.0.02.7]dec-4-en-3-one its 9-O-acetyl...

Summary Greenhouse bioassays were carried out from 1999 to 2002 on several types of soils central Italy assess the carry‐over risk imazamox residues non‐target crops. No observable effect levels (NOELs) determined quartz sand; sugar beet showed highest sensitivity (NOEL 0.4–0.8 ng a.i. mL −1 substrate), followed by spinach, oilseed rape, fennel, cauliflower and lettuce (NOELs 1 5 substrate). Wheat, sunflower, grain sorghum maize not very sensitive this herbicide. Imazamox availability was...