The goal of the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) project is to collect historical tropical cyclone best-track data from all available Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers (RSMCs) and other agencies, combine disparate datasets into one product, disseminate in formats used by community. Each RSMC forecasts monitors storms a specific region annually archives data, which consist information on storm's position, intensity, related parameters. IBTrACS new...

As part of the Land/Sea Breeze Experiment (LASBEX) to study sea breeze at Monterey Bay, pulsed Doppler lidar NOAA/ERL Wave Propagation Laboratory performed vertical and nearly horizontal scans developing on 12 days. Analyses velocity data from these revealed details growth sea-breeze layer variability resulting inland topography. Two days were selected for when ambient flow was offshore, because onshore easy discern background flow. Sequences cross sections taken perpendicular coast showed...

Abstract A revised framework is presented that quantifies observed changes in the climate of contiguous United States through analysis a version U.S. Climate Extremes Index (CEI). The CEI based on set extremes indicators measure fraction area experiencing monthly mean surface temperature, daily precipitation, and drought (or moisture surplus). In CEI, auxiliary station data, including recently digitized pre-1948 are incorporated to extend it further back time improve spatial coverage....

Abstract The ecosystems and economies of small island nation states territories the tropical southwest Pacific region are widely agreed to be among most vulnerable climate variability weather extremes anywhere in world. Tropical Cyclones (TCs) capable exacerbating existing hazards those made more severe by change (e.g. local sea level rise). In order properly understand TC impacts this region, a comprehensive database tracks is required. This work has collated best track data from forecast...

Abstract The earth's climate was influenced by a moderate El Nino in the tropical Pacific Ocean at beginning of 2003. This ENSO warm event developed during October–November 2002, and eventually dissipated March–April 2003, giving way to near-neutral conditions for remainder year. Despite cessation boreal spring, affected regional precipitation anomalies over broad area basin, including wet along west coast South America, dry eastern Australia, southwest Pacific, Hawaii. global mean surface...

Abstract Best track data generally consist of the positions and intensities during life cycle a tropical cyclone. Despite widespread interest in distribution, frequency, intensity cyclones worldwide, no publicly available central repository global best from international agencies has been existence. While there are numerous centers that forecast archive for their defined regions, most researchers traditionally use very small subset to construct datasets climatologies. This practice results...

Abstract The combined land and ocean surface temperature in 2007 fell within the 10 highest on record, while average was warmest since global records began 1880. In low to midtroposphere, annual mean among five reliable 1958, but still cooler than record year of 1998. For fourth consecutive year, precipitation averaged over surfaces above long-term mean, although anomaly significantly less 2006 when value eighth wettest 1901. globally concentration carbon dioxide (CO2) continued increase...

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of lid hygiene and preservative-free artificial tears for treatment meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) during a 6-week period. Methods. Suitable patients with MGD were educated about their disease instructed to begin regimen hygiene, which included application heated saline solution use nonpreserved tears. Baseline measurements obtained at time enrollment basic tear secretion test, breakup time, questionnaire grading symptoms (i.e., burning, irritation,...

The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) compiles tropical cyclone best track data from 11 forecast centers around the globe, producing a unified global set (M. C. Kruk et al., A technique merging data, submitted to Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology , 2008). (so called because generally refer estimate storm's characteristics) include position, maximum sustained winds, minimum central pressure at 6‐hour intervals. Despite significant impact cyclones...

Many interesting flow patterns were found in the Grand Canyon by a scanning Doppler lidar deployed to south rim during 1990 Wintertime Visibility Study. Three are analyzed this study: 1) reversal canyon, where canyon was opposite direction from above rim; 2) under strong, gusty southwest, inside and similar coupled; 3) light large-scale ambient flow, evidence of local, thermally forced up- down-canyon winds bottom canyon. On days with strongest in-canyon response for northwesterly strong...

Abstract From a global perspective, the annual average surface temperature in 2004 was fourth highest value observed since regular instrumental records began 1880. Global air temperatures were 0.44°C (0.79°F) above 1961–90 mean, according to both U.S. and U.K. archives. Observations of mean from combined lower middle troposphere 0.38°C (0.68°F)—the warmest year 47-yr archive worldwide radiosonde observations, ninth out past 26 based on satellite measurements. The precipitation anomaly over...

Abstract Tropical cyclones pose a significant threat to life and property along coastal regions of the United States. As these systems move inland dissipate, they can also property, through heavy rains, high winds, other severe weather such as tornadoes. While many studies have focused on impacts from tropical counties States, this study goes beyond coast examines caused by locations. Using geographical information system software, historical track data are used in conjunction with radial...

Purpose. To describe the characteristics of idiopathic macular holes (MH) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and correlate OCT with clinical assessment. Design. Cross-sectional chart review Participants. Sixty-seven eyes a clinically diagnosed MH available data. Methods. A retrospective Results. Based grading, 40 had full-thickness hole (FTMH) 21 lamellar (LMH). Clinical exam assessment agreed in 53 (87%) when assessing extent MH. Six (14.6%) FTMH group, 3 LMH group (14.3%) persistent...

What: Representatives, data managers, and tropical cyclone researchers from agencies organizations around the globe that provide best-track met to discuss improve historical record of cyclones. When: 5–7 May 2009 Where: Asheville, North Carolina despite numerous articles in peer-reviewed literature using global (TC) datasets, until recently there existed no central repository these data. Many simply used two sources obtain coverage: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA)...

Through the integrated analysis of remote sensing and in situ data taken along Front Range Colorado, this study describes interactions that occurred between a leeside arctic front topographically modulated flows. These resulted nonclassical frontal behavior structure across northeastern Colorado. The shallow initially advanced southwestward toward foothills, before retreating eastward. Then, secondary surge air migrated westward into foothills. During its initial advance, exhibited...

Observations taken during the February 1991 Atmospheric Studies in Complex Terrain (ASCOT) Winter Validation Study are used to describe wind field associated with a terrain-forced mesoscale vortex and thermally forced canyon drainage flows along Front Range of northeastern Colorado. A case study is presented night 6/7 when weak formed propagated through ASCOT domain. The NOAA/ERL Environmental Technology Laboratory Doppler lidar, one an ensemble instruments participating experiment, obtained...