Abstract Background High prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular disease is attributable to sedentary lifestyle eating diets high in fat refined carbohydrate while low fruit vegetables. Epidemiological studies have confirmed a strong association between rich fruits vegetables health. The aim this pilot study was determine whether drinking fresh carrot juice influences antioxidant status risk markers subjects not modifying their habits. Methods An experiment conducted evaluate the effects...

Atherosclerosis is a disease of large- and medium-sized arteries that caused by cholesterol accumulation in arterial intimal cells, including macrophages smooth muscle cells (SMC). Cholesterol these can be prevented or reversed preclinical models-and atherosclerosis reduced-by transgenesis increases expression molecules control efflux, apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) ATP-binding cassette subfamily A, member 1 (ABCA1). In previous work, we showed transduction endothelial (EC)-with helper-dependent...

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)1 converts saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated acids. Using muscle overexpression, we sought to determine the role of SCD1 expression in glucose and lipid metabolism its effects on exercise capacity mice. Wild-type C57Bl/6 (WT) transgenic (SCD1-Tg) mice were generated, transgene was restricted skeletal muscle. overexpression associated with increased triglyceride (TG) content. The acid composition revealed a significant increase polyunsaturated (PUFA)...

Atherosclerosis, a disease of blood vessels, is driven by cholesterol accumulation and inflammation. Gene therapy that removes from vessels decreases inflammation promising approach for prevention treatment atherosclerosis. In previous work, we reported helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) overexpression apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI) in endothelial cells (ECs) increases efflux vitro reduces atherosclerosis vivo. However, the effect HDAdApoAI on partial. To improve this therapy, considered...

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive, incurable condition that involves gradual loss of function. While there are no non-invasive biomarkers available to determine whether individuals susceptible developing chronic disease, small RNAs within urinary exosomes have recently emerged as potential candidate use for assessing renal Ultracentrifugation the gold standard exosome isolation. However, extravesicular RNA contamination can occur when isolating from biological fluids using...

Abstract Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells (PGCC) are increasingly being recognized as drivers of cancer recurrence. Therapy stress promotes the formation these cells, which upon cessation often successfully generate more aggressive progeny that repopulate tumor. Therefore, identification potential PGCC vulnerabilities is key to preventing therapy failure. We have previously demonstrated depends on lysosomal enzyme acid ceramidase (ASAH1). In this study, we compared transcriptomes parental cells...

Background and Objectives: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory condition that results in cholesterol accumulating within vessel wall cells. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease the leading cause of mortality worldwide due to this being a major contributor myocardial infarctions cerebrovascular accidents. Research suggests accumulation occurring precisely arterial endothelial cells triggers atherogenesis exacerbates atherosclerosis. Furthermore, inflamed endothelium acts as catalyst for...

Research on the immunological development of lymphoid organs in chicks has been extensive, yet a significant gap exists our understanding innate immunity during embryonic life within intestinal tract. This study investigated developmental trajectory chick embryos by evaluating basal gene expression levels key immune markers at days (ED) 14, 17, and 20. The results indicated variable cytokines, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), Toll-like receptor (TLRs) genes throughout Most cytokines chemokines...

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cell types into the extracellular environment. A subset of EVs, known as exosomes, range in size from 30 to 200 nm and biochemical interest due their function vehicles intercellular communication. Their ability transport proteinaceous species genetic material at cellular level makes them prime candidates vectors gene therapies. Focusing on biotherapeutics, bovine milk–derived (MDEVs) hold particular promise an alternative other...

Objective— Gene therapy that expresses apo A-I (apolipoprotein A-I) from vascular wall cells has promise for preventing and reversing atherosclerosis. Previously, we reported transduction of carotid artery endothelial with a helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) vector expressing reduced early (4 weeks) fatty streak development in fat-fed rabbits. Here, tested whether the same HDAd could provide long-term protection against more complex lesions. Approach Results— Fat-fed rabbits (n=25)...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in world and primary mortality among Americans. One many reasons for pathogenesis CVD attributed to eating diets high saturated fat refined carbohydrates low fruits vegetables. Epidemiological evidence has supported a strong association between rich vegetables cardiovascular health. An experiment was conducted utilizing 24 adults with hypercholesterolemia hypertriglyceridemia evaluate impact drinking 20 fl oz freshly squeezed orange...

Cholesterol-laden macrophages are recognized as a major contributor to atherosclerosis. However, recent evidence indicates that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) accumulate cholesterol and transdifferentiate into macrophage-like cell (MLC) phenotype also play role in Therefore, removing from MLC may be potential atheroprotective strategy. The two transporters which remove ABCA1 ABCG1, they efflux apoAI HDL, respectively. In this study, the well-characterized immortalized VSMC line MOVAS...

Abstract Recently, the pro‐inflammatory effects of linoleic acid (LNA) have been re‐examined. It is now becoming clear that relatively few studies adequately assessed LNA, independent obesity. The purpose this work was to compare several fat‐enriched but non‐obesigenic diets on inflammation provide a more accurate assessment LNA's ability induce inflammation. Specifically, 8‐week‐old male C57Bl/6 mice were fed either saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), or alpha‐linolenic enriched (50 %...

Endothelial ABCA1 expression protects against atherosclerosis and this atheroprotective effect is partially attributed to enhancing apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux. a target gene for LXR RXR; therefore, treating endothelial cells with and/or RXR agonists may increase expression. We tested whether cultured immortalized mouse aortic (iMAEC) the endogenous agonist 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, synthetic GW3965, 9-cis-retinoic acid, or SR11237 increases protein observed significant in iMAEC...

Atherosclerosis is caused by cholesterol accumulation within arteries. The intima where atherosclerotic plaque accumulates and lipid-laden foam cells reside. Intimal comprise of both monocyte-derived macrophages macrophage-like (MLC) vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) origin. Foam can remove via apoAI-mediated efflux this process regulated the transporter ABCA1. microRNA miR-33a-5p thought to be atherogenic silencing ABCA1 which promotes retention data has shown inhibiting in may...

Abstract Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) regulates insulin‐independent de novo lipogenesis. Recently, a novel ChREBPβ isoform was identified. The purpose of the current study to define effect dietary carbohydrates (CHO) and obesity on transcriptional activity ChREBP isoforms their respective target genes. Mice were subjected fasting‐refeeding high‐CHO diets. In all three CHO‐refeeding groups, mice failed induce ChREBPα, yet increased 10‐ 20‐fold. High‐fat fed hepatic...

Recent evidence suggests that the majority of cholesterol-laden cells found in atherosclerotic lesions are vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) have transdifferentiated into macrophage-like (MLC). Furthermore, MLC VSMC origin demonstrated impaired ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux, but it is poorly understood why this occurs. A possible mechanism which may at least partially be attributed to demonstrating attenuated efflux a miR-33a expression, as primary function microRNA silence ABCA1 has yet...

Abstract Cholesterol metabolism is paramount to cells. Aberrations cholesterol affects homeostasis, which may impact the risk of several diseases. Recent evidence has suggested that vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) play a role in atherosclerosis. However, there scant vitro mechanistic data involving primary VSMC directly tests how One reason for this lack due impracticality gene manipulation studies VSMC, as cultured become senescent and lose their morphology rapidly. are no immortalized...

ABCA1 and ABCG1 are two ABC-transporters well-recognized to promote the efflux of cholesterol apoAI HDL, respectively. As these critical metabolism, several studies have assessed impact expression on cellular homeostasis through ABC-transporter ablation or overexpressing ABCA1/ABCG1. However, for latter, there currently no well-established in vitro models effectively induce long-term a variety cultured cells. Therefore, we performed proof-of-principle determine whether LoxP-Stop-LoxP (LSL)...

Efficient gene transfer to the vascular wall via intravenous vector injection would be useful for experimental biology and therapy. Initial studies of lentiviral tropism suggested that intravenously injected vectors do not transduce murine tissue; however, there are also reports highly efficient aortic transduction after jugular vein high-titer vectors. We sought reproduce these results. Approach Results: preparations GFP (green fluorescent protein)-expressing into veins 8 mice; 6 mice...

Obesity is a condition caused by surplus adipose tissue and risk factor for several diet-related diseases. global epidemic that has also been challenging to treat effectively. However, one promoted therapy safely obesity anti-adipogenic therapeutics. Therefore, identifying potent bioactive compounds can be used clinically may effectively in humans. Mango leaf potential medicinal properties due its many enhance human health. Mangiferin (MGF) primary constituent mango plants, with...

Trypanosoma brucei causes African trypanosomiasis in humans. Infection with T. elicits a potent pro-inflammatory immune response within infected human hosts, and this is thought to at least be partially due Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. In stimulation by lipopolysaccharide other pathogen antigens, TLR4 translocates lipid rafts, which induces the expression of genes. However, cholesterol efflux acknowledged as anti-inflammatory promoting raft disruption. study, we wanted assess impact...