Abstract The standard model of injection‐induced seismicity considers changes in Coulomb strength due solely to pore pressure. We consider two additional effects: full poroelastic coupling stress and pressure, time‐dependent earthquake nucleation. pressure specified injection rate a homogeneous, medium. Stress are used compute through the Dieterich (1994) model. For constant rate, time reach critical scales with t ∼ r 2 /( c f ), where is distance from injector, hydraulic diffusivity, factor...

To sustain the further world population, more fertilizers are required, which may become an environmental hazard, unless adequate technical and socioeconomic impacts addressed. In current study, slow-release formulations of nitrogen fertilizer were developed on basis natural attapulgite (APT) clay, ethylcellulose (EC) film, sodium carboxymethylcellulose/hydroxyethylcellulose (CMC/HEC) hydrogel. The structural chemical characteristics product examined. release profiles urea, ammonium sulfate,...

Abstract Hydrogel‐based wearable electronic devices have received increasing attention. However, the construction of underwater strain sensors remains a significant challenge because swelling hydrogels in an aquatic environment. This work presents fabrication anti‐swellable hydrogel composed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), copolymer [2‐(methacryloyloxy) ethyl]dimethyl‐(3‐sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide (SBMA) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Interestingly, facile switch SBMA moiety from neutral to...

With the fast development of cell therapy, there has been a shift toward injectable hydrogels as carriers that can overcome current limitations in therapy. However, are prone to damage during use, inducing apoptosis. Therefore, this study was carried out develop an and self-healing hydrogel based on chondroitin sulfate multiple aldehyde (CSMA) N-succinyl-chitosan (SC). By varying CSMA SC ratio, stiffness, water content, kinetics gelation could be controlled. Gelation readily occurred at...

This article addresses the problem of fault-tolerant consensus control a general nonlinear multiagent system subject to actuator faults and disturbed faulty networks. By using neural network (NN) adaptive techniques, estimations unknown state-dependent boundaries dynamics faults, which can reflect worst impacts on system, are first developed. A novel NN-based observer is designed for observation transformation signals in On basis strategies, schemes guarantee bounded closed-loop with...

Multifunctional slow-release organic−inorganic compound fertilizer (MSOF) has been investigated to improve use efficiency and reduce environmental pollution derived from overdosage. The special is based on natural attapulgite (APT) clay used as a matrix, sodium alginate an inner coating alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/humic acid (SA-g-P(AA-co-AM)/HA) superabsorbent polymer outer coating. coated multielement granules were produced in pan granulator, the diameter of prills was...

To minimize the negative impact of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from wastewater improve fertilizer use efficiency, a novel multifunctional slow-release compound was prepared by recovery NH4+ H2PO4– aqueous solutions onto amphoteric straw cellulose (ASC) adsorbent. The effects adsorbent dosage, solution pH, contact time ionic strength on adsorption were investigated. quickly reached equilibrium. maximum capacity ASC 68.4 mg g–1 at around pH 7.0, whereas it 38.6 for 5.0. Moreover,...

Fertilizer is one of the most important elements modern agriculture. However, conventional fertilizer, when applied to crops, vulnerable losses through volatilization, leaching, nitrification, or other means. Such a loss limits crop yields and pollutes environment. In an effort enhance nutrient use efficiency reduce environmental pollution, smart fertilizer was reported in current study. Poly(aspartic acid) degradable macro-cross-linker based on l-aspartic acid were synthesized introduced...

The arrival of the era artificial intelligence is constantly advancing development flexible electronic materials. However, low mechanical properties, nonflexible signal transmission, and insensitive output have restricted their as sensors. In this study, a superstretching MXene composite conductive hydrogel was developed with tensile strain more than 1800%. used wearable sensor to detect human motion signals in real time. High sensitivity achieved using discern multidirectional motions, such...

This article is concerned with the output feedback security control of a class high-order nonlinear-interconnected systems denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, nonlinear dynamics, and exogenous disturbances. First, extreme learning machine (ELM) adaptive techniques are adopted to approximate unknown nonlinearities. Then, novel ELM-based state observers compensation functions developed estimate unmeasurable states during DoS attacks under influence Further, by combining backstepping filtering...

With the fast development of sustainable modern agriculture, there has been a shift toward controlled/slow release fertilizers (CSRFs) that can overcome current limitations conventional fertilizers. Ideally, CSRFs would nutrient matching plants demands, even when environmental conditions fluctuate. However, no meet this ideal, especially as is affected by temperature and pH. In study, "smart" fertilizer with polymer brushes poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) grafting from...

In an effort to enhance the efficiency of fertilizer use and minimize adverse environmental effects, a novel biomass-based, multifunctional controlled-release (BMCF) was prepared improve nutrient crop production systems for more sustainable agriculture practices. The design included natural attapulgite as matrix, co-granulated ammonium zinc phosphate urea core, cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) inner coating, carboxymethyl chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite (CMCS-g-PAA/APT)...

Current hydrogels based on chondroitin sulfate (ChS) generally lack the necessary strength and precise mechanical tunability. Addressing these limitations, covalent cross-linking has evolved to produce with desirable properties. However, such a methodology always precludes injection self-healing. In this study, we employ DA click chemistry dynamic acylhydrazone bond for hydrogel formation that overcomes limitations of current ChS hydrogels. Dynamic bonds afford injectability self-healing...

Developing hydrogel wound dressings with antibacterial activity and reproducible adhesion ability is an urgent need in biomaterial sciences. However, present either employ inorganic agents such as Ag metallic oxide nanoparticles, which have dosage dependence unsatisfactory biocompatibility, or load antibiotics, evolving drug-resistant bacteria. Here a nucleobase-inspired self-adhesive inherently reported dressing. The was developed from poly(3-dimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl)ammonium...