A5050066873- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Burn Injury Management and Outcomes
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
- Travel-related health issues
- Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- School Health and Nursing Education
- Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology
- Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
- Complement system in diseases
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Health Education and Validation
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- ICT in Developing Communities
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Global Health and Epidemiology
- ICT Impact and Policies
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Agriculture and Farm Safety
Cardiff University
2024
Swansea University
2019-2021
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2007-2020
Kenya Forest Service
2012
Philip Bejon and colleagues document the clustering of malaria episodes malarial parasite infection. These patterns may enable future prediction hotspots infection targeting treatment or preventive interventions.
Uncharacterized proteins from the merozoite stage of Plasmodium falciparum provide new antigens for malaria blood-stage vaccine development.
Clinical trials of interventions designed to prevent severe falciparum malaria in children require a clear endpoint. The internationally accepted definition is sensitive, and appropriate for clinical purposes. However, this includes individuals with nonmalarial disease coincident parasitaemia, so may lack specificity vaccine trials. Although there no "gold standard" individual test malaria, malaria-attributable fractions (MAFs) can be estimated among groups using logistic model, which we use...
Severe malaria (SM) is a life-threatening complication of infection with Plasmodium falciparum Epidemiological observations have long indicated that immunity against SM acquired relatively rapidly, but prospective studies to investigate its immunological basis are logistically challenging and rarely been undertaken. We investigated the merozoite targets antibody-mediated mechanisms associated protection in Kenyan children aged 0 2 years. designed unique matched case-control study...
Background "FFM ME-TRAP" is sequential immunisation with two attenuated poxvirus vectors (FP9 and modified vaccinia virus Ankara) delivering the pre-erythrocytic malaria antigen ME-TRAP. Over nine months follow-up in our original study, there was no evidence that FFM ME-TRAP provided protection against malaria. The incidence of slightly higher children who received ME-TRAP, but this not statistically significant (hazard ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.3). Although study unblinded, another planned to...
Background Febrile malaria is the most common clinical manifestation of P. falciparum infection, and often primary endpoint in trials epidemiological studies. Subjective objective fevers are both used to define endpoint, but have not been carefully compared, relative incidence by active passive case detection unknown. Methods We analyzed data from cohorts under surveillance, including 19,462 presentations with fever 5,551 blood tests for asymptomatic parasitaemia. A logistic regression model...
Background Heterogeneity in malaria exposure complicates survival analyses of vaccine efficacy trials and confounds the association between immune correlates protection infection longitudinal studies. Analysis may be facilitated by taking into account variability individual levels, but it is unclear how can estimated at an level. Method Findings We studied three cohorts (Chonyi, Junju Ngerenya) Kilifi District, Kenya to assess measures exposure. Prospective data were available on episodes,...
Haptoglobin (Hp) genotype determines the efficiency of hemoglobin clearance after malaria-induced hemolysis and alters antioxidant immune functions. The Hp2 allele is thought to have spread under strong selection pressure, but it unclear whether this due protection from malaria or other diseases.We monitored incidence febrile childhood illnesses with regard Hp in a prospective cohort 312 Kenyan children during 558.3 child-years follow-up. We also conducted 7 cross-sectional surveys determine...
The distribution of Plasmodium falciparum clinical malaria episodes is over-dispersed among children in endemic areas, with more experiencing multiple than would be expected based on a Poisson distribution. There consistent evidence for micro-epidemiological variation exposure to P. falciparum. aim the current study was identify excess after controlling exposure. We selected model that best fit data out models examined and included following covariates: age, weighted local prevalence...
Background Protective immunity to malaria is acquired after repeated infections in endemic areas. Asymptomatic multiclonal P. falciparum are common and may predict host protection. Here, we have investigated the effect of clearing asymptomatic on risk clinical malaria. Methods Malaria episodes were continuously monitored 405 children (1–6 years) an area moderate transmission, coastal Kenya. Blood samples collected four occasions assessed by genotyping polymorphic merozoite surface protein 2...
Background Control measures which reduce individual exposure to malaria are expected disease, but also eventually immunity. Reassuringly, long term data following community wide ITN distribution show sustained benefits at a population level. However, the more common practice in Sub-Saharan Africa is target on young children. There few outcomes of this practice. Methodology/Principal Findings Episodes febrile were identified by active surveillance 383 children over 18 months follow up. In...
90% of burn deaths occur in lower resource settings, where prevention programs are uncommon. Efficient planning and allocation for requires consistent reliable data. Published research on epidemiology from these settings is limited scope rigor often not replicable. The objective the review was; to examine literature determine what information exists injuries Ethiopia; assess its utility suitability interventions prevention. Taking a public health approach which fall within broader field...
Objectives As part of an ongoing, long-term project to co-create burn prevention strategies in Nepal, we collected baseline data share and discuss with the local community, use as a basis for co-created strategy then monitor changes over time. This paper reports on method outcomes survey demonstrates how are presented back community. Design A community-based survey. Setting Community based three rural municipalities Nepal. Participants 1305 households were approached: head 1279 participated,...
Children in malaria endemic areas acquire immunity to severe faster than mild malaria. Only a minority of children suffers from and it is not known what determines this. The aim this study was establish how P. falciparum infections during the first years life affect risk A matched case-control nested within large birth cohort set up immunoepidemiology pneumococci on Kenyan coast. Infection patterns three-monthly blood samples admitted hospital with were compared controls age, residential...
There is an urgent need to empower practitioners undertake quality improvement (QI) projects in burn services low-middle income countries (LMICs). We piloted a course aimed equip nurses working these environments with the knowledge and skills such projects.Eight from five burns across Malawi Ethiopia took part this pilot course, which was evaluated using range of methods, including interviews focus group discussions.Course evaluations reported that interactive activities were successful...
Background: Control measures which reduce individual exposure to malaria are expected disease, but also eventually immunity.Reassuringly, long term data following community wide ITN distribution show sustained benefits at a population level.However, the more common practice in Sub-Saharan Africa is target on young children.There few outcomes of this practice.Methodology/Principal Findings: Episodes febrile were identified by active surveillance 383 children over 18 months follow up.In order...
Background: Infectious diseases often demonstrate heterogeneity of transmission among host populations.This reduces the efficacy control strategies, but also implies that focusing strategies on ''hotspots'' could be highly effective. Methods and Findings:In order to identify hotspots malaria transmission, we analysed longitudinal data febrile episodes, asymptomatic parasitaemia, antibody titres over 12 y from 256 homesteads in three study areas Kilifi District Kenyan coast.We examined by...
Background: Febrile malaria is the most common clinical manifestation of P. falciparum infection, and often primary endpoint in trials epidemiological studies.Subjective objective fevers are both used to define endpoint, but have not been carefully compared, relative incidence by active passive case detection unknown. Methods:We analyzed data from cohorts under surveillance, including 19,462 presentations with fever 5,551 blood tests for asymptomatic parasitaemia.A logistic regression model...