The rise of resistance to antiretroviral drugs due mutations in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) protease is a major obstacle effective treatment. These alter the drug-binding pocket and reduce drug efficacy by disrupting interactions with inhibitors. Traditional methods, such as biochemical assays structural biology, are crucial for studying enzyme function but time-consuming labor-intensive. To address these challenges, we developed HIV OctaScanner, machine learning algorithm that...

Abstract Severe peripheral nervous system injuries currently hold limited therapeutic solutions. Existing clinical techniques such as autografts, allografts, and newer nerve guidance conduits have shown variable outcomes in functional recovery, adverse immune responses, some cases low or minimal availability. This can be attributed part to the lack of chemical, physical, electrical cues directing both regeneration. To address this pressing issue, electrospun nanofibers microfibers composed...

Salivary factors have been studied for their effects on the process of dental caries in patients diabetes mellitus type 2. In this study, protective role salivary pH, flow rate, and calcium is assessed 2 with caries. The samples saliva were collected from 400 300 age- sex- matched controls after getting informed consent. All subjects classified into four groups according to age. severity was counted by decayed, missed, filled teeth (DMFT) score. levels found be low as compared controls....

Introduction Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) is a clinically used topical agent to arrest dental caries. However, the kinetics of its chemical interactions with hydroxyapatite (HA), principal inorganic component enamel, are not known. The aim was characterize step-wise between SDF and HA powder during important process remineralization. Methods Two grams were immersed in 10 ml acetic acid pH = 4.0 for 2 h mimic carious demineralization. then washed dried 24 mixed 1.5 (Riva Star) 1 min....

Background: The number of people suffering from Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is continuously rising. Chronic diseases, especially for the elderly population, have an immense impact on quality life (QoL), which serves as a crucial indicator overall health and well-being. Objective: objective this study was to evaluate QoL T2DM patients identify associations between demographic factors domains. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional conducted March 2024 July at Mayo Hospital Lahore,...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been a growing epidemic worldwide and poses major socio-economic challenge. The leading cause of DM death is nephropathy due to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study aims identify the possible association I/D variants ACE gene M268T (rs699) AGT renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).Study subjects include 115 patients with DM, 110 diabetic (DN) controls. Fasting blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses PCR amplification specific regions genes...

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of curcumin on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene expression, oxidative stress and anti-oxidant status in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatotoxicity rats. Materials methods: Total 32 albino Wistar rats (male, 200–250 g) were divided into six groups ( n=8). Group 1: untreated controls; 2: received TAA (200 mg/kg body weight (b.w.); i.p.) for 12 weeks; 3: (75 b.w.) 24 4: b.w.; weeks+curcumin weeks. Results: A significantly...

To determine the association of SNP in FTO gene, rs9939609, with Metabolic Syndrome (MS) type 2 diabetic subjects at a tertiary care unit Karachi, Pakistan.We genotyped rs9939609 296 patients diabetes from Out Patient Department (OPD) Baqai Institute Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE). MS was defined on basis International Diabetes Federation (IDF) National Cholesterol Education program (NCEP) criterion. Association between tested through chi-square Z-tests by using odds ratio (OR) 95%...

When it comes to nutrition, nearly everyone has an opinion. In the past, nutrition was considered be individual’s responsibility, however, more recently governments have been expected (by some) share that responsibility by helping ensure marketing is responsible, and food chains offer healthy meal choices in addition their standard fare, for example. some countries, gone as far remove tax from unprocessed foods or introduce taxes, such imposed on sugary soft drinks UK, Mexico, France Norway....

Gene deletions in GSTM1 and GSTT1 may result tempering the activation detoxification of several carcinogens thereby increase risk cancer pre-disposition. This study aims to investigate clinical impact glutathione-S-transferase polymorphisms on squamous cell carcinoma cervix (SCCA).The were analyzed cervical patients healthy controls. Touch down multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy was adopted for genotyping polymorphisms. The null genotype exhibited a significantly higher...

Introduction Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) is a clinical minimal intervention to manage dentin caries. Its chemistry in demineralization conditions has been investigated widely, but far less remineralization conditions. The aim was investigate and compare the chemical reactions when SDF added solutions. Methods 0.01 ml (Riva Star) deionized water (DW); (DS = pH4) (RS pH7.0) time sequence of concentrations NH 4 + , F − Ag were measured using ion selective electrodes (ISEs) every 2 min. pH...

Abstract Background In spite of a high occurrence Hepatitis Delta in the province Sindh Pakistan, no genetic study virus (HDV) isolates from this region was carried out. The aim is to analyze proximity within local HDV strains, and relationship with other clades HDV, using phylogenetic analysis. Results Phylogenetic analysis nucleotide sequences Antigen (HDAg) R0 obtained study, showed considerable diversity among strains potential subgroup formation clade I. multiple sequence alignment...

This study examined the stresses and wellbeing of international postgraduate health nursing students at a tertiary education institute in New Zealand who were mainly essential frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 lockdown. Quantitative qualitative data collected by purposeful sampling (n = 43). The utilised cross-sectional survey, along with Short Form Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), adapted for lockdown, followed semi-structured individual interviews. is first to...