A5047366762- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Fish biology, ecology, and behavior
- Ichthyology and Marine Biology
- Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Marine and fisheries research
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Morphological variations and asymmetry
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Pregnancy-related medical research
- Marine animal studies overview
- Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Anorectal Disease Treatments and Outcomes
- Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Underwater Acoustics Research
- Interdisciplinary Research and Collaboration
- Geological formations and processes
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Health and Lifestyle Studies
- Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
University of California, Davis
2016-2024
NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center
2023
Yale University
2021-2023
Google (United States)
2015
Planetary Science Institute
2014
Harvard University
2014
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
2000-2011
Montefiore Medical Center
2011
University of Rochester
2007
Highland Hospital
2007
It is well known that predators can induce morphological changes in some fish: individuals exposed to predation cues increase body depth and the length of spines. We hypothesize these structures may evolve synergistically, as together, traits will further enlarge dimensions fish gape-limited must overcome. therefore expect orientation spines predict which dimension increases presence predators. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we tested this prediction on macroevolutionary scale...
Colonization of novel habitats can result in marked phenotypic responses to the new environment that include changes body shape and opportunities for further morphological diversification. Fishes have repeatedly transitioned along benthic-pelagic axis, with varying degrees association substrate. Previous work focusing on individual lineages shows these transitions are accompanied by highly predictable form. Here, we generalize expectations drawn from this literature study effects habitat...
Abstract Traits underlie organismal responses to their environment and are essential predict community environmental conditions under global change. Species differ in life‐history traits, morphometrics, diet type, reproductive characteristics habitat utilization. Trait associations widely analysed using phylogenetic comparative methods (PCM) account for correlations among related species. Similarly, traits measured some but not all species, missing continuous (e.g. growth rate) can be...
Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to relate species occurrence and density local environmental conditions, often include a spatially correlated variable account for spatial patterns in residuals. Ecologists have extended SDMs varying coefficients (SVCs), where the response given covariate varies smoothly over space time. However, SVCs see relatively little use perhaps because they remain less known relative other SDM techniques. We therefore review ecological contexts can...
Abstract We present a dataset that quantifies body shape in three dimensions across the teleost phylogeny. Built by team of researchers measuring easy-to-identify, functionally relevant traits on specimens at Smithsonian National Museum Natural History it contains data 16,609 from 6144 species 394 families. Using phylogenetic comparative methods to analyze we describe teleostean morphospace and identify families with extraordinary rates morphological evolution. log ratios, our preferred...
Morphological convergence plays a central role in the study of evolution. Often induced by shared ecological specialization, homoplasy hints at underlying selective pressures and adaptive constraints that deterministically shape diversification life. Although midwater zooplanktivory has arisen adult surgeonfishes (family Acanthuridae) least four independent times, it represents clearly specialized state, requiring capacity to swiftly swim locating sucking small prey items. Whereas this diet...
Abstract Deep‐sea fishes have long captured our imagination with striking adaptations to life in the mysterious abyss, raising possibility that this cold, dark ocean region may be a key hub for physiological and functional diversification. We explore idea through an analysis of body shape evolution across depth zones over 3000 species marine teleost fishes. find deep contains twice disparity shallow waters, driven by elevated rates traits associated locomotion. display more frequent adoption...
The deep sea contains a surprising diversity of life, including iconic fish groups such as anglerfishes and lanternfishes. Still, >65% marine teleost species are restricted to the photic zone <200 m, which comprises less than 10% ocean’s total volume. From macroevolutionary perspective, this paradox may be explained by three hypotheses: 1) shallow water lineages have had more time diversify deep-sea lineages, 2) faster rates speciation or 3) shallow-to-deep transition limit richness....
Understanding the causes of body shape variability across tree life is one central issues surrounding origins biodiversity. One potential mechanism driving observed patterns disparity a strongly conserved relationship between size and shape. Conserved allometry has been shown to account for as much 80% variation in some vertebrate groups. Here, we quantify amount attributable changes nearly 800 species Indo-Pacific shore fishes using phylogenetic framework analyze 17 geometric landmarks...
Teleost fishes vary in their reliance on median and paired fins (MPF) or undulation of the body (BCF) to generate thrust during straight-line, steady swimming. Previous work indicates that swimming mode is associated with different shapes, though this has never been empirically demonstrated across diversity fishes. As does not play as active a mechanical role by MPF swimmers, may relax constraints spur higher rates shape diversification. We test these predictions measuring impact dominant...
Diversity of feeding mechanisms is a hallmark reef fishes, but the history this variation not fully understood. Here, we explore emergence and proliferation biting mode feeding, which enables fishes to feed on attached benthic prey. We find that modes other than suction, including biting, ram an intermediate group uses both were nearly absent among lineages teleost inhabiting reefs prior end-Cretaceous mass extinction, has rapidly increased in frequency since then, accounting for about 40%...
Although the tropics harbor greatest species richness globally, recent work has demonstrated that, for many taxa, speciation rates are faster at higher latitudes. Here, we explore lability in oceanic depth as a potential mechanism this pattern most biodiverse vertebrates - fishes. We demonstrate that clades with highest also diversify more rapidly along gradient, drawing fundamental link between evolutionary and ecological processes on global scale. Crucially, these same inhabit latitudes,...
Abstract A decline in diversity from the equator to poles is a common feature of Earth’s biodiversity. Here, we examine body shape marine fishes across latitudes and explore role time evolutionary rate explaining gradient. Marine fishes’ occupation upper latitude environments has increased substantially over last 80 million years. Fishes highest exhibit twice evolution one third times disparity compared equatorial latitudes. The faster may be response ecological opportunity polar subpolar...
ABSTRACT Secreted and cell envelope-associated proteins are important to both Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis the generation of protective immunity M. . We used an in vitro Tn 552′phoA transposition system identify exported The is simple efficient, transposon inserts randomly into target DNA. genomic libraries were targeted with transposons, these screened smegmatis for active PhoA translational fusions. Thirty-two different open reading frames identified; eight contain standard...
Abstract Peak eustatic sea level (ESL), or minimum ice volume, during the protracted marine isotope stage 11 (MIS11) interglacial at ~420 ka remains a matter of contention. A recent study high-stand markers MIS11 age from tectonically stable southern coast South Africa estimated peak ESL 13 m. The present refines this estimate by taking into account both uncertainty in correction for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) and geographic variability change following polar sheet collapse. In...
Abstract Key innovations may allow lineages access to new resources and facilitate the invasion of adaptive zones, potentially influencing diversification patterns. Many studies have focused on impact key speciation rates, but far less is known about how they influence phenotypic rates patterns ecomorphological diversification. We use repeated evolution pharyngognathy within acanthomorph fishes, a commonly cited innovation, as case study explore predictions innovation theory. Specifically,...
Evolutionary comparisons between major environmental divides, such as marine and freshwater systems, can reveal the fundamental processes governing diversification dynamics. Although may differ due to different scales of their biogeographic barriers, environments nevertheless offer similar opportunities for in benthic, demersal, pelagic habitats. Here, we compare evolutionary patterns shaping teleost diversity each these three habitats systems. Using specimens from National Museum Natural...
Teleost fishes account for 96% of all fish species and exhibit a spectacular variety body forms. lineages range from deep bodied to elongate (e.g., eels, needlefish), laterally compressed ribbonfish) globular pufferfish), include uniquely shaped such as seahorses, flatfishes, ocean sunfishes. Adaptive shape convergence within has long been hypothesized but the nature relationships between form ecological environmental variables remain largely unknown at macroevolutionary scale. To facilitate...
Many teleost fishes with no apparent modifications for life on land are able to produce effective terrestrial locomotor behaviors, including a ballistic behavior called the "tail-flip" jump. Cyprinodontiformes (killifishes, Teleostei: Atherinomorpha) that live at water's edge vary in morphology and inclination emerge onto land. Do fish an amphibious predisposition have extensive modification of propulsive region body when compared fully aquatic relatives? We quantified shape anatomy caudal...
Abstract Spiny-rayed fishes (Acanthomorpha) dominate modern marine habitats and comprise more than a quarter of all living vertebrate species 1–3 . It is believed that this dominance resulted from explosive lineage phenotypic diversification coincident with the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass-extinction event 4 remains unclear, however, if acanthomorph diversity result punctuated burst or gradual accumulation following K-Pg. We assess these hypotheses time-calibrated phylogeny inferred...