Fraudulent activities in the international honey market affect 10% of food, and cost global food $50 billion per annum. Although many developed countries have created regulations to combat fraud, illegally imported honey, especially originating from China, still enters through transshipments relabelling mask its true origin. This laundering poses a health risk consumers, as Chinese potentially contains illegal unsafe antibiotics high levels herbicides pesticides. We analyse whether...

While the demand for pollination services have been increasing, continued declines in honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), colonies put cropping sector and broader health of agro-ecosystems at risk. Economic factors may play a role dwindling bee colony supply United States, but not extensively studied. Using data envelopment analysis (DEA), we measure technical efficiency, returns to scale, influencing efficiency those apiaries northern Rocky Mountain region participating...

Effectively supporting seasonal migratory species requires spatial and temporal coordination of mechanisms to induce conservation, often across many public private actors. We develop a framework evaluate the efficacy such based on two salient ecological characteristics species: route plasticity resilience. describe how combinations these heighten relevance four challenges facing spatial–temporal support: free riding, holdouts, transaction costs, transnational coordination. After detailing...

Abstract Trust, a cornerstone of economic development, is promoted within religions. In randomized controlled trial, we examine how trust and trustworthiness vary across religions (Christianity Islam), religiosity, atheists/agnostics in the United States. Three novel findings emerge. First, Christians are trusted more than Muslims nonbelievers, which due to Christian ingroup bias––Christians they while nonbelievers all groups same. Second, religiosity matters trust. Religious people those...

Pollinators provide critical ecosystems services vital to the production of numerous crops in United States’ agricultural sector. However, U.S. is witnessing a serious decline abundance and diversity domestic wild pollinators, which threatens food security. In response, Department Agriculture has created Pollinator Habitat Initiative (CP-42) induce landowners create quality habitat for pollinators by planting beneficial wildflowers on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)-eligible land....

Mandatory surveillance testing programs are popular policies aimed to control SARS-CoV-2 and may be considered for future epidemics. However, if people believe that lowers their risk of infection, such could increase risky behavior even cause increased pathogen spread. Using data from two US universities, we find frequent mandatory is associated with greater participation in events linked COVID-19 Women seem driving this association, mediation analyses suggest partly due women's higher...

Despite recent emphasis and implementation of national international anti-money laundering policies, illegal product markets, their associated illicit profit remain a global problem. In addition to law enforcement aimed at reducing money-laundering, also takes place during (1) the production (e.g. crop eradication) (2) sale seizure products transportation that interrupts buyer seller transactions) product. Since funds for come from limited budgets, understanding where in this...

Abstract We use experimental methods to investigate subsidy incidence, the transfer of payments from intended recipients other economic agents, in privately negotiated spot markets. Our results show that market outcomes treatments with a given either buyers or sellers are significantly different both no-subsidy treatment and competitive prediction 50% incidence. The disparity incidence across relative predicted levels suggests equivalence does not hold this setting. Moreover, we find no...

The number of women in agricultural management positions and as business owners is increasing. A critical part managers' success negotiating profitable sales, which depends on negotiation strategy. We use laboratory market experiments to measure gender differences strategy related outcomes three contexts common product sales. Results show that tend choose a focuses trading higher quantity but at lower per trade profit than men. Our results further will be disproportionately hurt markets move...

Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted virus disease in United States with more than 20 million Americans currently infected and another 6.2 becoming each year (Weinstock et al., 2000). The lifetime likelihood of contracting HPV ranges between 80-85% (Fey 2004). highest rate contraction among adults ages 18-28, making college-age susceptible to infection (Koutsky, 1997). Although a majority infections resolve on their own no health consequences, some...

Studies show that consumers are often unaware of the price their purchases. We examine if such ignorance may be willful. develop a model entailing who feel conflicted about spending – some people have an inherent preference for overspending (“spendthrifts”). causes regret, spendthrifts better off in short-term from ignoring costs to consumption (i.e., prices), when reduces anticipated regret. In long-term, may, however, harmful, since it acts exacerbate spendthrifts’ overconsumption....

Trust is a cornerstone of economic development. Further, trust promoted within religious groups and might even be the very reason religions emerged. The U.S. stands out as particularly religious, compared to other Western countries. Yet, little known about across its affiliations. We use randomized controlled trial (RCT) examine how trustworthiness vary (Christianity, Islam, non-believers; atheists agnostics) religiosity. Three novel findings emerge. First, Christians are trusted more than...

Nudges are becoming increasingly popular policy tools. Yet, distributional effects of nudges largely unknown. We first design an economic laboratory experiment to examine the incidence opportunity cost reminder nudge (a salience nudge) designed curb spending, while accounting for heterogeneity in emotional responses – specifically pain paying. Pain paying is optimal ‘unconflicted’ consumers, but too low ‘spendthrifts’ and high ‘tightwads’, causing sub-optimal spending. Our empirical results...