A5040073028- Intellectual Property and Patents
- International Maritime Law Issues
- Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- World Trade Organization Law
- Law, AI, and Intellectual Property
- International Environmental Law and Policies
- Biotechnology and Related Fields
- Intellectual Property Law
- Copyright and Intellectual Property
- Environmental Conservation and Management
- Innovation Policy and R&D
- Biomedical Ethics and Regulation
- Legal principles and applications
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Corporate Insolvency and Governance
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Economic and Environmental Valuation
- European and International Law Studies
- Law in Society and Culture
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction
- Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
- Bioeconomy and Sustainability Development
Griffith University
2015-2025
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
2021
Williams (United States)
2021
The University of Queensland
2005
Australian National University
1988-2002
University of California, Berkeley
1971
Mortimer Surgery
1866
Several UN policy processes are embracing a calcified approach to conservation and equity in science
Abstract The Conference of the Parties to Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) have begun work establishing a distinct multilateral mechanism access and share benefits (ABS) from digital sequence information genetic resources (DSI), with expectation new monetary benefits. Regulating DSI for benefit sharing is problematic because efficiently effectively regulating requires defining identifying suitable material proxy it itself intangible (probably levy or tax use database information)....
Abstract With increasing interest in intellectual property relating to plants, it is timely assess the use of Plant Breeder's Rights (PBRs) Australia for native with tens thousands plants nearly all which are endemic and many known uses. A database applications received, accepted, granted grants expired or withdrawn, refused rejected PBRs under Australian Act 1994 (Cth) from 10 November 14 December 2022 was assessed including Australia. The analysis revealed: There over 9500 5180 granted,...
Societal Impact Statement Future research and development of biological materials for foods, feeds, fibres, medicines will increasingly rely on information knowledge using Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications detecting patterns to make useful decisions. The access use this is being regulated under international laws according an ideal that delivers money other benefits from the uses knowledge. We conclude these issues require specific attention ensure ideals fair equitable benefit...
Developing a governance framework for Marine Genetic Resources (MGRs) is crucial element of the proposed treaty on conservation and sustainable use marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). Negotiating countries' positions MGRs, including questions sharing benefits from their use, range no regulation to elaborate infrastructure access benefit (ABS) all MGRs. This article proposes Tiered Approach MGR that finds middle ground between negotiating ABS aims foster...
Whereas biological materials were once transferred freely, there has been a marked shift in the formalisation of exchanges involving these materials, primarily through use Material Transfer Agreements (MTAs). This paper considers how risk aversion dominates MTA negotiations and impact it may have on scientific progress. Risk is often based unwarranted fears incurring liability material or loss control missing out commercialisation opportunities. Evidence to date suggested that complexity...
This article address how open access to DNA, RNA and amino acid sequences might be reconciled with the benefit sharing obligations under United Nations’ Convention on Biological Diversity its Nagoya Protocol, Food Agriculture Organisation of International Treaty Plant Genetic Resources for World Health Organisation’s Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework Sharing Viruses Access Vaccines Other Benefits. Tracing evolution databases posits models reconciling sharing, concludes, however, that...
The gene or genes encoding chalcone synthase (CHS) in the legume Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover) were induced within 6 hr after inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain ANU843. No induction was found uninoculated controls plants inoculated either nodulation-deficient R. l. ANU845 (pSym-) meliloti 1021, which is capable of nodulating alfalfa but not clover. Morphological examination interaction between and bacteria this system showed that root hair distortion...
Abstract The United Nations’ Convention of Biological Diversity (and the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and Fair Equitable Sharing Benefits Arising from their Utilization), Food Agriculture Organisation International Treaty for Plant Agriculture, World Health (WHO) Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework all set out schemes access benefit sharing (ABS) some biological materials. This article addresses apparent conflict between general obligations in these agreements...
The global movement and use of genetic resources remain vital to sustaining humankind. An enclosure or re-appropriation these requiring regulated access benefit sharing is evolving under the United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity related instruments. potential replace physical materials with information about those materials, including sequence data, has fractured carefully negotiated regulation complex. This article re-engages this original grand bargain in exchange for sharing,...
Objective: To explore the barriers to, and enablers of, successful implementation of voluntary assisted dying into acute care health settings identify strategies that contribute to in these settings. Background: In jurisdictions where is legal, some people choose end their lives How integrated as an end-of-life option for patients emerging area research. Study Design Methods: A two-phase process was adopted. First, a systematic mixed studies review undertaken themes associated with provision...