Spinosad® (Dow Agrosciences) is a neurotoxic insecticide produced by fermentation of an actinomycete. Spinosad classified as environmentally and toxicologically reduced risk material has been embraced IPM practitioners biorational pesticide. We examined the available information on impact spinosad natural enemies mortality responses to using IOBC laboratory field scales that run from 1 (harmless) 4 (harmful). In total, there were 228 observations 52 species enemies, which 162 involved...

Susceptibility to methoxyfenozide of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae was determined through exposure neonate and fourth instars dipped sprayed pepper, Capsicum annum L., leaves. Methoxyfenozide spinosad were tested against adults this noctuid by oral, residual, topical application. In larvae, we evaluated five (range, 0.001-10 mg active ingredient [AI] /liter) six 1-250 concentration levels instars, respectively, using two application methods at three...

Abstract BACKGROUND Control of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, most important pest worldwide, is based on use insecticides, though unsatisfactory results have recently been reported. In this study, insecticide resistance D. to three insecticides (bifenthrin, malathion, and chlorpyrifos) was examined. RESULTS Three populations (designated Dci‐CParácuaro, Dci‐El Junco, Dci‐Antúnez) both adults fourth‐instar individuals were collected in 2014 at two different times one...

The rainfall regime has a significant impact on the microclimate and mass emergence of coffee berry borer,

Abstract Heritability measures the proportion of variation in a phenotypic trait within population attributable to genetic differences among individuals. It also reflects that can be passed from one generation next, and used predict effectiveness selection on traits involved enhancing individual performance breeding programs. In fruit flies, females may select males based chemical, acoustical, visual signals as well physical or morphological characteristics. However, extent which underlying...

The larvicidal efficacy of the naturally derived insecticide spinosad, for control immature stages Anopheles albimanus and associated culicids, was compared to that synthetic biological larvicides. Effects on non-target insects were also determined. A field trial performed in replicated temporary pools during rainy season, southern Mexico. Pools treated with 10 ppm a.i. spinosad (Tracer 480SC), Bti granules applied at 2 kg/ha (VectoBac WDG, ABG-6511), 100 ml/ha temephos (50 EC), or an...

Sterile males of Aedes aegypti were released once a week for 8 weeks to evaluate the dispersal efficiency ground and aerial drone release methods in rural village 26 Ha southern Mexico. Indoor outdoor BG-Sentinel traps placed 13−16 houses distributed throughout village. The BG activated 48 h after sterile functioned 24 period following each release. Over 8-week simultaneous releases, an average 85,117 ± 6457 males/week at level 86,724 6474 using drone. method resulted higher numbers captured...

The toxicity of two biorational insecticides, spinosad (Tracer) and methoxyfenozide (RH-2485), was tested against eggs, larvae, pupae the noctuid Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval). In first experiment, filter paper circles containing egg masses different age classes, young (<24 h old) old (24-48 old), were dipped in concentrations each insecticide diluted either water or acetone. No ovicidal activity recorded when insecticides water. contrast, acetone, both classes generally showed a...

The naturally derived insecticide spinosad is a reduced-risk material that neurotoxic to Diptera. 24-h 50% lethal concentration by laboratory bioassay in third instars of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) (Rockefeller strain) was estimated at 0.026 ppm. Two identical field trials were performed an urban cemetery southern Mexico during the dry and wet seasons. Water containers treated with 1 or 5 ppm suspension concentrate (Tracer, Dow Agrosciences) as effective preventing development...

The impact of commonly used organophosphate (chlorpyrifos, methamidophos), carbamate (carbaryl), and pyrethroid (cypermethrin) insecticides on insect natural enemies was compared with that a nucleopolyhedrovirus (Baculoviridae) Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize grown southern Mexico. Analyses the SELECTV Koppert Side Effects (IOBC) databases synthetic arthropod were to predict ≈75–90% enemy mortality after application, whereas bioinsecticide predicted have...

Commercially available sex pheromone lures and traps were evaluated for monitoring male fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, in maize fields the coastal region of Chiapas, Mexico during 1998-1999. During first year, Chemtica Trece performed better than Scentry lures, there was no difference between unbaited controls. In regard to trap design, Heliothis bucket traps. 1999, pattern FAW captured similar that 1998, although number males lower. The interaction both factors, significant...

Abstract Background Car tires are important habitats for mosquito development because of the high density populations they can harbor and their presence in urban settings. Water experimental was treated with one three insecticides or an untreated control. Aquatic invertebrates were sampled at weekly intervals. Eggs, larval pupal samples laboratory-reared to estimate seasonal fluctuations Aedes aegypti Ae. albopictus abundance. Results Spinosad treatments 1 5 ppm (mg a.i./liter) provided 6–8...

In this study, we designed a new tent trap; the BioDiVector (BDV) trap, consisting of two rectangular tents that use human bait without endangering technical personnel. The daily activity pattern Aedes aegypti and albopictus in intra, peri, extradomiciliary sites was studied an endemic area dengue southern Mexico by using BDV trap. Totals 3,128 individuals Ae. 833 were captured. More males than females caught, while opposite true with albopictus. both mosquito species affected interaction...

Abstract In this study, we investigated the attraction of West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to volatiles three mango [ Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae)] cultivars in field cage tests. The number flies captured with Multilure traps baited Amate mature green mangoes was significantly higher than that Coche and Ataulfo fruits. There no significant difference between or mangoes. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis identified 24, 22, 19...

Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel-Jones & Samson (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae) is a fungus commonly used for controlling nematodes, and also has been reported as an insect pathogen. However, little known about its effects on insects. Here, the pathogenicity of 9 isolates virulence sublethal 2 were evaluated to control adult Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae). The assays demonstrated that pathogenic, with mortality percentages ranging from 28.8...

Indoor and outdoor ovitraps were placed in 15 randomly selected houses two rural villages Chiapas, southern Mexico. In addition, five transects surrounding each village, with three traps per transect, one at the edge, 50 m, another 100 m from edge of village. All inspected weekly. A transect eight along a road between was also included. Population fluctuations Aedes aegypti Ae. albopictus examined during 2016-2018 by counting egg numbers. higher number spp. eggs recorded Hidalgo village...

The effect of age on the mating propensity both wild and laboratory-reared Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) was investigated under laboratory field cage conditions. optimal for flies ranged from 7 to 13 days, whereas in it between 3 5 days old. Virgin were selective more prone mate than that held with sexes combined therefore, had a chance before test. difference among ages significant only virgin flies. females showed tendency increase their as they got older, males...

Insect vector-borne diseases continue to present a major challenge human health. Understanding the factors that regulate size of mosquito populations is considered fundamental ability predict disease transmission rates and for vector population control. The mosquito, Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, Plasmodium spp., breeds in riverside pools containing filamentous algae Mesoamerica. Breeding along 3 km sections River Coatan, Chiapas, Mexico were subjected algal extraction or left as controls...