The inhibition activities of two antifreeze proteins (AFPs) on the formation tetrahydrofuran (THF) clathrate hydrate have been tested. AFPs from fish (wfAFP) and insect (CfAFP) changed morphology growing THF crystals. Also, both showed higher in inhibiting than a commercial kinetic inhibitor, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). Strikingly, also ability to eliminate "memory effect" which crystallization occurs more quickly after initial formation. This is first report molecules that can inhibit...

Abstract The effect of Type I antifreeze protein (AFP) from winter flounder on the formation propane hydrate and methane was studied. We show that both hydrates is inhibited significantly, with nucleation crystal growth being affected. Also, AFP showed so‐far unique ability to eliminate “memory effect” in reformation gas hydrate. have proposed a mechanism involving interference heterogeneous subsequent hydrates. It also shown number samples must be studied order obtain meaningful statistics,...

The critical nanoaggregate concentration (CNAC) of asphaltenes in toluene has been studied by a variety methods recently. Here, we explore low-frequency electrical impedance measurements to detect and quantify formation asphaltenes. Nyquist Bode plots confirm the frequency range necessary for dominance (organic) ion conduction as opposed reactive impedance. Impedance are made function asphaltene toluene. We perform ionic at low avoid electrode polarization effects then extrapolate obtain...

Certain organisms survive low temperatures using a range of physiological changes including the production antifreeze proteins (AFPs), which have evolved to adsorb ice crystals. Several these been purified and shown also inhibit crystallization clathrate hydrates. They found be effective against structure II (sII) hydrates formed from liquid tetrahydrofuran, sI sII gas single gases, as well natural mixture three assessed variety instrumentation stirred reactors, differential scanning...

The magnetostatic interaction between two oppositely charged transverse domain walls (TDWs) in adjacent Permalloy nanowires is experimentally demonstrated. dependence of the pinning strength on wire separation investigated for distances 13 and 125 nm. results can be described fully by considering distribution magnetic charge within rigid, isolated TDWs. Alternative DW internal structure cannot reproduce this observed dependence. Modeling suggests TDW not appreciably disturbed, remains rigid...

The effect of Type I fish antifreeze protein (AFP) from the winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus (Walbaum), (WfAFP) on formation tetrahydrofuran (THF) clathrate hydrate was studied by observing changes in THF crystal morphology and determining induction time for nucleation. AFP retarded clathrate-hydrate growth at tested temperatures modified octahedral to plate-like. appears be even more effective than kinetic inhibitor, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Recombinant an insect, a spruce...

The domain wall nucleation and propagation fields in cobalt nanowires grown by focused electron beam induced deposition are measured using spatially resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. study was systematically done for wire widths from 600 to 150 nm, finding significant differences the value of both wires, indicating high quality conduit behavior. extreme simplicity flexibility this technique with respect multistep lithographic processes used nowadays opens a different route create...

We systematically study individual micro- and nanometric polycrystalline cobalt wires grown by focused-electron-beam-induced-deposition. The deposits were in a range of aspect ratios varying from 1 up to 26. minimum lateral dimension the nanowires was 150 nm, for thickness 40 nm. Atomic force microscopy images show beam-current-dependent profiles, associated with different regimes deposition. magnetization reversal is studied means spatially resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. Abrupt...

The motion of transverse domain walls (DWs) in thin Permalloy nanowires has been studied by locally detecting the chirality moving DW, using a cross-shaped trap acting as filter. We find that structural changes DW occur over characteristic minimum distance: "DW fidelity length." measured field dependence length is good qualitative agreement with 1D analytical model and published results numerical simulations experiments. also demonstrate extension to meter scales series filters.

The interaction mechanism between transverse domain walls (TDWs) in Permalloy nanowires and artificially patterned traps is studied using high-sensitivity spatially resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements numerical simulations. T-shaped trap geometries are considered, where a DW traveling the horizontal arm pinned by vertical arm. Pinning strengths as well potential energy modifications created measured, roles of different characteristic parameters, such core orientation magnetic...

We experimentally demonstrate a shift register based on an open-ended chain of ferromagnetic NOT gates which can support bidirectional data flow. Up to eight bits are electrically input the device, stored for extended periods without power, and then output either in first out or last scheme. Comparing traditional transistor-based logic, this bidirectionality offers range devices that reversible not limited only one mode operation.

Six-fold configurational anisotropy was studied in Permalloy triangles, which the shape symmetry order yields two energetically non-degenerate micromagnetic configurations of spins, so-called Y and “buckle” states. A 12-pointed switching astroid measured using magneto-optical experiments well reproduced numerically. Switching fields different polar sectors were shown to reflect possible energy paths dictated by during a 180° reversal magnetization, thereby giving comprehensive view mechanism...

The pinning of asymmetric transverse magnetic domain walls by constrictions and protrusions in thin permalloy nanowires is directly observed using the Fresnel mode imaging. Different wall (DW)/trap configurations are initialized situ applied fields, resulting imaged both at remanence under fields. nature chirality dependent potentials created traps clearly observed. effect asymmetry DW discussed. Micromagnetic simulations also presented, which excellent agreement with experiments.

We have developed an asymmetric ferromagnetic NOT gate and shift register optimized on a square grid. This gives rise to two-dimensional storage scheme built up by tessellating elementary data unit, which is scalable down very narrow wire widths. The areal footprint of each unit 15F2, where F the minimum feature size. experimentally demonstrate operations across chain three gates made from Permalloy with F=60 nm, present functional 15-gate, multichannel electrical injection, optical readout.

Abstract Injecting low salinity water into a petroleum reservoir to improve oil recovery has been studied extensively over recent years as cost enhanced (EOR) process. Extensive chemical analyses have performed on the effluent from waterflood experiments which reveal extent of interaction between injected brine, and rock matrix. However, there little work reported impact fluid composition nature recovered. This paper details an investigation how medium affects chemistry produced oil, is...

The majority of global petroleum is in the form highly viscous heavy oil. Traditionally oil sands at shallow depths accessed by large scale mining activities. Recently steam has been used to allow extraction with greatly reduced surface disturbance. However, situ thermal recovery processes can generate hydrogen sulphide, high levels which are toxic humans and corrosive equipment. Avoiding sulphide production best possible mitigation strategy. Here we use laboratory aquathermolysis reproduce...