Abstract In this work, the inclusion complexes of hydrophobic herbicide bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-CD (2-HP-β-CD) were prepared characterized. Phase solubility study showed that both β-CD 2-HP-β-CD increased BSM. Three-dimensional structures simulated by molecular docking method. The results indicated guest BSM could enter into cavities host CDs, folded, centrally aligned inside complexes. benzene ring molecule was close to wide rim molecules;...

This study was conducted in lowland fields at the International Rice Research Institute 1994 wet season and 1995 dry to determine Oryza sativa plant traits that confer competitive ability against weeds when pregerminated seeds are sown on puddled soil. Initial biomass (IB), crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index (LAI), tillering of O. plants were associated with their competitiveness weeds, whereas relative rate, net assimilation capacity not. Biomass affected weed directly, IB, CGR, LAI...

Introduction: With the increasing demand for energy utilization efficiency and minimization of environmental carbon emissions in industrial parks, optimizing configuration scheduling integrated systems has become crucial. This study focuses on with massive flexible load resources, aiming to maximize while reducing impact. Methods: To model uncertainties wind solar power outputs, we employed three-parameter Weibull distribution models Beta models. Flexible loads were categorized into three...

Physcion and chrysophanol induce defense responses against powdery mildew in cucumbers. The combination of these two compounds has synergistic interaction the disease. We performed RNA-seq on cucumber leaf samples treated with physcion alone their combination. generated 17.6 Gb high-quality sequencing data (∼2 per sample) catalogued expressions profiles 12,293 annotated genes each sample. identified numerous differentially expressed that exhibited distinct expression patterns among three...

Abstract The extract of the plant Rheum officinale Baill, mainly containing anthraquinones physcion and chrysophanol, is highly active against powdery mildew. Experiments were conducted in laboratory greenhouse to determine interaction two compounds on cucumber mildew [ Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht.) Poll] wheat Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer f. sp. tritici Marchal]. Physcion was much more bioactive than chrysophanol these mildews. There a significant synergistic between diseases when...

Abstract BACKGROUND: Physcion is a key active ingredient of the ethanol extract from roots Chinese rhubarb ( Rheum officinale Baill.) that has been commercialised in China for controlling powdery mildews. The biological mechanism action physcion against barley mildew pathogen was studied using bioassay and microarray methods. RESULTS: Bioassay indicated did not directly affect conidial germination Blumeria graminis Speer f. sp. hordei Marchal, but significantly inhibited vivo . Challenge...

Abstract BACKGROUND To enhance discovering efficiency of new herbicidal compounds, a strategy for rapidly screening out strongly chemical components from natural resources is necessary. RESULTS Seventeen essential oils selected 14 Eucalyptus species and hybrids were evaluated their activities on annual ryegrass. A feasible was established pinpointing the chemicals contributing to strong without process isolation purification individual compounds. This based gas chromatography–mass...

A water-soluble inclusion complex for butachlor was prepared by complexation with (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). Phase solubility results indicated a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio an apparent stability constant of 864.3 M–1 in the obtained solid complex. The formation confirmed 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and differential scanning calorimetry spectra. Coupled molecular docking results, considered to be completely included HP-β-CD cavity. Butachlor...

Recently-emerged base editing technologies could create single mutations at precise genomic positions without generation DNA double strand breaks. Herbicide resistant have been successfully introduced to different plant species, including Arabidopsis, watermelon, wheat, potato and tomato via C T (or G A on the complementary strand) editors (CBE) P197 position of endogenous acetolactate synthase (ALS) genes. Additionally, conversion another conserved amino acid S653 ALS gene confer tolerance...

Methylated seed oil (MSO) is a recommended adjuvant for the newly registered herbicide topramezone in China and also other countries of world, but mechanism MSO enhancing efficacy still not clear. Greenhouse laboratory experiments were conducted to determine effects on efficacy, solution property, droplet spread evaporation, active ingredient deposition, foliar absorption translocation applied giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.) velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.). Experimental...

Competition between wet-seeded rice and barnyardgrass under two distinct environments was analyzed using a two-parameter response–surface model at the International Rice Research Institute in Philippines. The findings showed that this could predict crop yield loss due to weed competition over wide range of densities. low-tillering, new plant–type cultivar weaker competitor had higher than high-tillering ‘IR72’ hybrid. Increasing density reduce competition. This effect greater for plant type...

The ethanol extract from rhubarb was commercialized in China (Veguard, Physcion, 5 g/liter AS) for control of cucumber powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) and downy (Pseudoperonospora cubensis). To provide the basic data risk assessment resistance to this product, physcion selected represent active ingredients establish baseline sensitivity populations. For mildew, 262 isolates S. fuliginea nine regions and, populations, 116 P. cubensis six were collected during 2004 2005 tested...

Abstract Physcion is one of the important active ingredients ethanol extract from roots Chinese rhubarb (Rheum officinale) for controlling powdery mildew. A histological investigation indicated that this compound affected Blumeria graminis in vivo by inhibiting germination conidia, increasing rate appressorium deformation before pathogen infected cells wheat (Triticum aestivum), and reducing length haustoria number secondary after infection. Keywords: physcion activityhistology

The virulent strain B6 of Curvularia lunata was screened out from 65 fungus strains isolated the diseased leaves barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to evaluate feasibility being exploited as a mycoherbicide for control in paddy fields. results pathogenicity experiments showed that this highly pathogenic at 1- 2.5-leaf stages. fresh weight reduction increased with increase inoculated conidial concentrations prolongation dew duration. Strain...

Abstract Rice blast, caused by the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae , is one of most destructive plant diseases in world and a serious threat to global food security. Biofungicide physcion, extracted from roots Chinese traditional herb rhubarb, has been commercialized control cucumber powdery mildew ( Podosphaera fuliginea ) China as new active environmentally‐friendly ingredient. This study investigated its bioactivity on rice blast impact infection M. . Physcion was effective with 50%...