With the growing interest in reducing CO2 emissions to combat climate change, humanity is turning green or renewable sources of electricity. There are numerous issues associated with development these sources. One key aspects energy their problematic controllability, namely control production over time. Renewable also recycling, utilization different geographical zones, environmental impact within required area, and so on. most discussed today, however, question efficient use produced from...

This Letter presents original measurement results from an all-optical 10 Gbit/s free-space optics (FSO) relay link involving two FSO links and switch. Considering the fact that reported analyses of are dominated by analytical findings, experimental represent a vital resource for evaluating performance in presence atmospheric turbulence. Bit-error-rate (BER) system is tested single dual-hop under several turbulence regimes. Furthermore, this used to ascertain real parameters outdoor improve...

Despite the benefits of free-space optical (FSO) communications, their full utilization is limited by influence atmospheric weather conditions, such as fog, turbulence, smoke, snow, etc. In urban environments, additional environmental factors smog and dust particles due to air pollution caused industry motor vehicles may affect FSO link performance, which has not been investigated in detail yet. Both cause absorption scattering propagating signal, thus resulting high attenuation. This work...

Free-Space Optical (FSO) communications link performance is highly affected when propagating through the time-spatially variable turbulent environment.In order to improve signal reception, several mitigation techniques have been proposed and analytically investigated.This paper presents experimental results for route diversity technique evaluations a specific case links intersects common area concurrently each passing regions with different turbulence flows.

Abstract Supercapacitors attract attention due to their superior values in the parameters like capacitance, discharge currents and cycle lifespan. are designed used many applications where they partially or completely substitute conventional batteries. On other side, supercapacitors which not so far suitable for these devices. To avoid wrong design misuse of it is necessary correctly understand properties, key advantages disadvantages. Similar situation can be found field lithium‐ion

Free-space optical systems offer many advantages for modern wireless communication compared to classical radio-band systems. Nevertheless, unlike fibre optics, their availability is highly affected by atmospheric disturbances. This study discusses the influences of temperature gradients around buildings that cause turbulent areas within atmosphere, leading spatial change refractive index and consequently resulting in bending or widening transmitted beams. The a nearby building on free-space...

Relay-assisted free space optics (FSO) communications becomes one of the promising solutions to improve FSO link capabilities by implicitly reducing transmission distance and exploiting distance-dependent fading variance turbulence. Highly motivated system, this paper presents bit error rate (BER) performance an all-optical 10-Gbps relay based system using amplify-and-forward signaling is investigated through numerical simulations experimental implementation. Results show that BER improves...

New communication systems are emerging with growing demand on the data traffic. Fiber optics allow us to transfer of rates higher than hundreds gigabits per second. These usually used for backbone networks, although using these is appearing in last mile connections. Wireless still more and popular owing fast cheaper deployment contrary wire or fiber systems. On other hand, wireless including free-space (FSO) affected by weather conditions. In order mitigate effects, several mitigation...

This paper focuses on the performance analysis of a camera-based vehicle-to-vehicle visible light communication system employing undersampled phase shift on-off keying modulation under interference scenario.Two Nissan Qashqai front lights with daylight running emitting diodes based lamps are used for communications.The bit error rate (BER) proposed is experimentally measured transmission span up to 24 m focusing mostly side due reflections.Based experimental data we demonstrate reduction...

Free-space optical (FSO) links are perspective wireless communication systems utilizing modulated laser radiation to transmission of information. Because propagation the light through an atmosphere in case a terrestrial link, strong dependence on weather conditions is observed. Several mitigation techniques were investigated, for instance beam tracking, spatial diversity multiple-input multiple-output and wavelength technique. In this paper, performance FSO radio-frequency (RF) hybrid link...

In this article, we report the synthesis and characterization of novel methacrylate‐based polymer electrolyte membranes for lithium batteries. The safety requirement is a top priority rechargeable Li‐ion batteries, especially these are used in hybrid electric vehicles power tools. After several serious fire accidents, must be submitted to intensive investigation danger minimalized. This article describes differences between perchlorate tetrafluoroborate as conductive component gel...

This paper briefly describes experiments which investigate mutual compatibility of aprotic solvents and negative electrode materials. The work follows the current trend enhancing fire safety by using new kinds solvents. Solvents their mixtures used in this have a higher flash point than commonly lithium-ion batteries, e.g. sulfolane. influence electrolytes on proper operation materials was considered. In these experiments, graphite lithium titanate oxide, Li4Ti5O12 were as Various...

This paper describes our initial work focused on sodium-titanate electrode material. The material analogy to lithium-titanate or lithium metatitanate (Li 2 TiO 3 ) can be used in rechargeable aprotic battery systems. A sodium-ion system seems promising substituent for lithium-ion systems, at present the energy storage application as stationary systems (in range of MWh) through batteries propulsion electric vehicles become more important than ever. main advantage is price and sodium abundance...

The article deals with preparing of lithiated graphite material.The material can be used as active electrode in lithium-ion batteries.Most the commercially produced batteries have negative based on graphite.The capacity losses which are caused by irreversible may reduce potential battery from 15 % up to 45 %.These arise interphase (solid and liquid electrolyte), where during formation process is created SEI (Solid-Electrolyte Interphase) layer.The layer composed lithium atoms decomposition...

The FSO route diversity gain of links forming a part the Czech network was evaluated. Contrary to single link, divergent offer substantially better availability. In our case, reaches tens decibels per 1 km link. Next research steps will be focused on derivation specific method for join features and microwave links.