Abstract Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered one of the most promising large‐scale and low‐cost energy storage systems due to abundance low price sodium. Herein, hard carbons from a sustainable biomass feedstock (vine shoots) were synthesized via simple two‐step carbonization process at different highest temperatures be used as anodes in SIBs. The carbon produced 1200 °C delivered reversible capacity (270 mAh g −1 0.03 A , with an acceptable initial coulombic efficiency 71 %) since...

The flow of air generated by a new design assisted sprayer equipped with two axial fans reversed rotation was analyzed. For this goal, 3D sonic anemometer has been used (accuracy: 1.5%; measurement range: 0 to 45 m/s). study divided into static test and dynamic test. During the test, velocity in working vicinity measured considering following machine configurations: (1) one activated fan regulated at three flows (machine as traditional sprayer); (2) for each fan. In 72 points were...

An air-assisted sprayer equipped with two reversed rotation fans was evaluated in a peach orchard. The effects on the spray deposition of forward speed, air volumetric flow rate, and number activated were analyzed. Spray mixtures contained manganese chelate as tracer. qualitatively through visual estimation water-sensitive papers quantitatively by analysis filter using an atomic absorption spectrometer. Deposition canopy penetration increased when for most sampling points. speed had no...

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the air flow generated by an air-assisted sprayer equipped with two axial fans was developed and validated practical experiments in laboratory. The CFD considering total supplied fan to be main parameter, rather than outlet velocity. for three flows corresponding blade settings assuming that is stationary. Actual measurements velocity near were taken using 3D sonic anemometers. workspace divided into sections, measured each section on both sides...

Pesticide application development has grown exponentially in recent decades thanks to the implementation of new technologies and improved quality spray input application. Electrostatic technology for increasing deposition proven be a suitable tool under specific study conditions, such as when working with very small droplet sizes, air assistance, or typically greenhouse environments. However, its effectiveness hydraulic spraying, well from commercial point view agriculture, is still...

A methodology for the regulation of boom sprayers working in circular trajectories has been developed. In this type trajectory, areas plots land treated by outer nozzles are at reduced rates, and those inner excess. The goal study was to establish determine flow individual on guarantee that dose product applied per surface unit is similar across plot. This a function position equipment (circular trajectory radius) displacement velocity such treatment uniform. GPS technology proposed as basis...

Three-dimensional (3D) laser technology has been tested for assessing the performance of air-assisted spraying. A static test using an sprayer equipped with two axial fans (front and back) opposing directions rotation was developed. The adjusted to spread water in a mode, at pressure 10 bars, four air volumetric flow rates. Measurements were performed Leica HDS6000 3D scanner. In addition, velocity generated by measured hot-wire anemometer sonic objective estimating influence on spatial...

An acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) was used to analyse the impact of an agricultural sprayer's agitation system settings on fluid velocities inside tank. A 3000 L capacity sprayer equipped with a 4-nozzle hydraulic used. ADV measurements were carried at 32 points tank under following settings: circuit pressures 8, 10, or 12 bar; water level in 1000, 2000, L; 2 4 active nozzles. test concentration 0.4% copper oxychloride employed matter as function fill and number All parameters...

The fluid velocity inside the tank of agricultural sprayers is an indicator quality mixture. This study aims to formulate best generalized linear mixed model infer a under specific operational parameters agitation system, such as liquid level, circuit pressures, and number active nozzles. A complex was developed that included fixed effects (FE) section random effect. goodness fit evaluated by considering lowest values Akaike’s information criteria Bayesian criterion, estimating residual...

The susceptibility to fragmentation of biochar is an important property consider in field applications. Physical and mechanical properties wood-derived biochars from vine shoots holm oak were studied evaluate the effect biomass feedstock, final pyrolysis temperature application conditions. Vine pruning residues selected for production. Slow experiments conducted at two different temperatures (400 600 °C). chemical characteristics determined. Impact strength was evaluated through measurement...

Electrochemical ammonia sensors were used to analyse the existing relationship between concentration and ambient levels of both temperature relative humidity in commercial lamb fattening housing equipped with mechanical ventilation straw-bedded pens. In first stage experiment, placed over straw beds covered urine analysed under laboratory conditions order determine emission evolution time; three control temperatures (25, 35, 50°C) used. A HOBO H8 logger a Dräger NH 3 LC-6809680...

An agricultural implement for underground application of rodenticide bait to control the Mediterranean pocket gopher (Microtus Duodecimcostatus) in fruit orchards has been designed and tested. The main objective this research was design test by using finite element method (FEM) considering a range loads generated on most commonly used furrow openers implements. As second step, prototype tested field analysing effects forward speed depth mechanical behaviour structure. FEM phase manufactured....

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the velocities generated by agitation system an air-assisted sprayer was developed and validated practical experiments in a laboratory. The considering different settings system: Three water levels tank (1000, 2000, 3000 L); two numbers active nozzles (2 or 4); three working pressures circuit (8, 10, 12 bar). Actual measurements velocity into were taken using acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). CFD simulations made it possible to estimate at 38%...

Tractor front-end loaders are an essential part of the equipment used on farms. At present, there important number small- and medium-sized companies involved in manufacturing this equipment. These rely heavily experience for innovative designs, as vast majority cases they lack access to adequate methodology optimal design new loaders. The study conducted has developed a tractor with view obtaining their accurate during bucket loading process. comprises two phases: first phase involves...

Abstract Introduction This study explores the integration of precision agriculture technologies (PATs) in rainfed cereal production within semi-arid regions. Methods utilizing Veris 3100 sensor for apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) mapping, differentiated management zones (MZs) were established experimental plots Valsalada, NE Spain. Site-specific variable dose technology was applied seed and fertilizer applications, tailoring inputs to distinct fertility levels each MZ....

Agitation inside agricultural sprayer tanks can be studied while using an international standard procedure, based on obtaining internal samples of liquid. However, in practice, this test is not easy to perform. Herein, we propose the explicit study mixing procedure with biphasic computer simulations Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). An experimental was performed a 3000 L tank commercial air-assisted sprayer, two different agitation system configurations, order compare results several...

En relación con el dimensionado de soleras hormigón apoyadas sobre suelo, existen metodologías rigurosas para cálculo las tensiones trabajo, basadas en la teoría Westergaard, pero desarrolladas vehículos industriales (coches, camiones y carretillas elevadoras). edificios agrícolas, vehículo más utilizado es tractor agrícola, que dispone neumáticos elevada anchura diámetro, una superficie contacto reducida. este artículo se ha abordado estudio generadas por cargas transmitidas los tractores...