A5031885980- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Disaster Response and Management
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Rabbits: Nutrition, Reproduction, Health
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- interferon and immune responses
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2014-2024
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
2019-2024
Global Viral
2015-2019
Marburg virus (Marburg marburgvirus; MARV) causes sporadic outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever (MHF) in Africa. The Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) has been identified as a natural reservoir based most-recently on the repeated isolation MARV directly from bats caught at two locations southwestern Uganda where miners and tourists separately contracted MHF 2007-08. Despite learning much about ecology through extensive field investigations, there remained unanswered questions such...
Marburg virus (MARV) is among the most virulent pathogens of primates, including humans. Contributors to severe MARV disease include immune response suppression and inflammatory gene dysregulation ("cytokine storm"), leading systemic damage often death. Conversely, causes little no clinical in its reservoir host, Egyptian rousette bat (ERB). Previous genomic vitro data suggest that a tolerant ERB may underlie avirulence, but significant examination this vivo yet exists. Here, using...
Animal models recapitulating human Ebola virus disease (EVD) are critical for insights into pathogenesis. (EBOV) isolates derived directly from specimens do not, without adaptation, cause in immunocompetent adult rodents. Here, we describe EVD mice engrafted with immune cells (hu-BLT). hu-BLT developed following wild-type EBOV infection. Infection high-dose resulted rapid, lethal high viral loads, alterations key antiviral cytokines and chemokines, severe histopathologic findings similar to...
Abstract Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes fatal encephalitis and respiratory disease in humans. There currently no approved therapeutic for human use against NiV infection. Griffithsin (GRFT) high-mannose oligosaccharide binding lectin has shown vivo broad-spectrum activity viruses, including severe acute syndrome coronavirus, immunodeficiency 1, hepatitis C virus, Japanese virus. In this study, we evaluated the vitro antiviral activities of GRFT...
Defective interfering particles (DIs) contain a considerably smaller genome than the parental virus but retain replication competency. As DIs can directly or indirectly alter propagation kinetics of virus, they offer novel approach to antiviral therapy, capitalizing on knowledge from natural infection. However, efforts translate in vitro inhibition vivo screening models remain limited. We investigated efficacy virus-like containing DI genomes (therapeutic infectious [TIPs]) Syrian hamster...
Nipah virus (NiV) causes a highly lethal disease in humans who present with acute respiratory or neurological signs. No vaccines against NiV have been approved to date. Here, we report on the clinical impact of novel NiV-derived nonspreading replicon particle lacking fusion (F) protein gene (NiVΔF) as vaccine three small animal models disease. A broad antibody response was detected that included immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA subtypes demonstrable Fc-mediated effector function targeting...
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral disease seen exclusively in humans. Central nervous system (CNS) infection and neurological involvement have also been reported CCHF. In the current study, we inoculated NSG-SGM3 mice engrafted with human hematopoietic CD34+ stem cells low-passage CCHF virus strains isolated from patients. humanized mice, lethal develops, characterized by histopathological change liver brain. To date, targets of not investigated CNS was gliosis,...
In the absence of approved vaccines and therapeutics for use in humans, Nipah virus (NiV) continues to cause fatal outbreaks encephalitis respiratory disease Bangladesh India on a near-annual basis. We determined that single dose lipid nanoparticle nucleoside-modified messenger RNA vaccine encoding soluble Hendra glycoprotein protected up 70% Syrian hamsters from lethal NiV challenge, despite animals having suboptimally primed immune responses before challenge. These data provide foundation...
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an emerging tick-borne from the family Nairoviridae that frequently causes lethal disease in humans. CCHFV has a wide geographic distribution,...
Egyptian rousette bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) are natural reservoir hosts of Marburg virus (MARV), and Ravn (RAVV; collectively called marburgviruses) have been linked to human cases disease (MVD). We investigated the clinical pathologic effects experimental MARV infection in rousettes through a serial euthanasia study found clear evidence mild but transient disease. Three groups nine, captive-born, juvenile male were inoculated subcutaneously with 10,000 TCID50 strain Uganda 371Bat2007,...
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV; family Nairoviridae ) is a tick-borne pathogen that frequently causes lethal disease in humans. CCHFV has wide geographic distribution, and cases have been reported Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Europe. Availability of safe efficacious vaccine critical for restricting outbreaks preventing endemic countries. We previously developed virus-like replicon particle (VRP) provides complete protection against homologous heterologous challenge mice after...
Abstract Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) can cause severe human disease and is considered a WHO priority pathogen due to the lack of efficacious vaccines antivirals. A CCHF replicon particle (VRP) has previously shown protective efficacy in lethal Ifnar -/- mouse model when administered as single dose at least 3 days prior challenge. Here, we determine that non-specific immune responses are not sufficient confer short-term protection, since Lassa VRP vaccination CCHFV challenge...
Lassa fever is a viral zoonosis that can be transmitted from person to person, especially in the hospital setting. The disease endemic several countries West Africa and major contributor morbidity mortality affected areas. There are no approved vaccines prevent virus infection. In this work, we present vaccine candidate combines scalability efficacy benefits of live with safety single-cycle replication. system consists replicon particles devoid essential glycoprotein gene, cell line...
Abstract Immunizing mice with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) nucleoprotein (NP), glycoprotein precursor (GPC), or the GP38 domain of GPC, can be protective when proteins are delivered viral vectors as a DNA RNA vaccine. Subunit vaccines safe and cost-effective alternative to some vaccine platforms, but Gc Gn subunit for CCHFV fail protect despite eliciting high levels neutralizing antibodies. Here, we investigated humoral cellular immune responses efficacy recombinant NP,...
Development of broad-spectrum antiviral therapies is critical for outbreak and pandemic preparedness against emerging reemerging viruses. Viruses inducing hemorrhagic fevers cause high morbidity mortality in humans are associated with several recent international outbreaks, but approved treating most these pathogens lacking. Here, we show that 4′-fluorouridine (4′-FlU; EIDD-2749), an orally available ribonucleoside analog, has activity multiple fever viruses cell culture, including Nipah...
Inbred Strain 13/N Guinea Pigs are Frequently Used As Animal Models in Studies of Emerging and High-pathogenicity Viruses. To Date, Clinical Reference Intervals Have Not Been Established for Hematology Chemistry Parameters This Strain. We Obtained Whole-blood Samples from the Cranial Vena Cava Healthy Colony Animals Inhouse Cbc Analyses. Analyte Values Were Investigated to Determine Subpopulation Differences According Age Sex. Glucose, Albumin, Alp, Lymphocyte Percentage, Hgb, Mchc Decreased...
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV, order Bunyavirales, family Nairoviridae, genus Orthonairovirus) is the tick-borne etiological agent of (CCHF) in humans. Animals are generally susceptible to CCHFV infection but refractory disease. Small animal models limited interferon-deficient mice, that develop acute fatal disease following infection. Here, using a ZsGreen1- (ZsG) expressing reporter (CCHFV/ZsG), we examine tissue tropism and dissemination interferon-α/β receptor knock-out...
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus that causes disease in livestock and humans Africa the Middle East. While human typically mild self-limiting, some individuals develop severe manifestations, such as hepatitis, hemorrhagic fever, or encephalitis. Encephalitis occurs 2 to 3 weeks after acute illness; therefore, we hypothesized it was a result of inadequate adaptive immunity. To test this hypothesis vivo, used attenuated (DelNSsRVFV) does not cause mice. We first characterized...
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is an important human pathogen with a wide global distribution for which no therapeutic interventions are available. CCHFV encodes cysteine protease belonging to the ovarian tumor (OTU) family involved in host immune suppression. Here we demonstrate that artificially prolonged binding of OTU substrate inhibits infection. This provides novel insights into function during viral replicative cycle and highlights as potential antiviral target.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tri-segmented, tick-borne nairovirus that causes disease of ranging severity in humans. The CCHFV M segment encodes complex glycoprotein precursor (GPC) undergoes extensive endoproteolytic cleavage, giving rise to two structural proteins (Gn and Gc) required for attachment entry, multiple non-structural (NSm, GP160, GP85, GP38). functions these remain largely unclear. Here, we investigate the role NSm during infection by generating...
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne nairovirus with wide geographic spread that can cause severe and lethal disease. No specific medical countermeasures are approved to combat this illness. The CCHFV L protein contains an ovarian tumor (OTU) domain cysteine protease thought modulate cellular immune responses by removing ubiquitin ISG15 post-translational modifications from host viral proteins. Viral deubiquitinases like OTU attractive drug targets, as blocking their...
Nipah virus (NiV) causes near-annual outbreaks of fatal encephalitis and respiratory disease in South Asia with a high mortality rate (∼70%). Since there are no approved therapeutics for NiV humans, the WHO has designated henipaviral diseases priority pathogens research development. We generated new recombinant green fluorescent reporter circulating Bangladesh genotype (rNiV-B-ZsG) optimized it alongside our previously Malaysian counterpart (rNiV-M-ZsG) antiviral screening primary-like human...
Lujo virus (LUJV) is a novel member of the Arenaviridae family that was first identified in 2008 after an outbreak severe hemorrhagic fever (HF). In what small but rapidly progressing outbreak, this previously unknown transmitted from critically ill index patient to 4 attending healthcare workers. Four persons died during for total case fatality 80% (4/5). The suspected rodent source initial exposure LUJV remains mystery. Because ease transmission, high fatality, and nature LUJV, we sought...