A5029254919- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Disaster Response and Management
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Dengue and Mosquito Control Research
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Global Healthcare and Medical Tourism
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2016-2025
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
2015-2025
United States Public Health Service Commissioned Officers Association
2018-2025
Epidemic Intelligence Service
2021
Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital
2020
University of Pretoria
2020
Global Viral
2015-2016
Service de Santé des Armées
2014
Aix-Marseille Université
2014
Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Sainte-Anne
2014
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus distributed throughout much of Africa and Asia. Infection with the may cause acute febrile illness that clinically resembles dengue fever. A recent study indicated existence three geographically distinct viral lineages; however this analysis utilized only single gene. Although ZIKV has been known to circulate in both Asia since at least 1950s, little about genetic relationships between strains. Moreover, geographic origin strains...
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, has traditionally circulated in Africa and Asia, causing human febrile illness accompanied by severe, chronic joint pain. In Africa, epidemic emergence of CHIKV involves the transition from an enzootic, sylvatic cycle involving arboreal mosquito vectors nonhuman primates, into urban where peridomestic mosquitoes transmit among humans. however, appears to circulate only endemic, cycle. Recently, emerged Indian Ocean subcontinent cause...
Marburg virus (Marburg marburgvirus; MARV) causes sporadic outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever (MHF) in Africa. The Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) has been identified as a natural reservoir based most-recently on the repeated isolation MARV directly from bats caught at two locations southwestern Uganda where miners and tourists separately contracted MHF 2007-08. Despite learning much about ecology through extensive field investigations, there remained unanswered questions such...
The Egyptian rousette bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) is a natural reservoir for marburgviruses and consistent source of virus spillover to humans. Cumulative evidence suggests various species may also transmit ebolaviruses. We investigated the susceptibility rousettes each five known ebolaviruses (Sudan, Ebola, Bundibugyo, Taï Forest, Reston), compared findings with Marburg virus. In pilot study, groups four juvenile bats were inoculated one or ebolavirus groups, viral RNA tissue distribution...
ABSTRACT In recent years, genotype I (GI) of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has displaced III (GIII) as the dominant throughout Asia. this study, largest collection GIII and GI envelope gene-derived viral sequences assembled to date was used reconstruct spatiotemporal chronology displacement Asia determine evolutionary epidemiological dynamics underlying significant event. consists two clades, GI-a GI-b, with latter being associated JEV in 1990s. Phylogeographic analysis indicated that...
The circulation of vector-borne zoonotic viruses is largely determined by the overlap in geographical distributions virus-competent vectors and reservoir hosts. What less clear are factors influencing distribution virus-specific lineages. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) most important etiologic agent epidemic worldwide, primarily maintained between vertebrate hosts (avian swine) culicine mosquitoes. There five genotypes JEV: GI-V. In recent years, GI has displaced GIII as dominant JEV...
The Egyptian rousette bat (ERB) is a natural reservoir host for Marburg virus (MARV); however, the mechanisms by which MARV transmitted bat-to-bat and to other animals are unclear. Here we co-house MARV-inoculated donor ERBs with naive contact ERBs. shedding detected in oral, rectal urine specimens from inoculated bats 5-19 days post infection. Simultaneously, oral bats, indicating exposure virus. In late study phase, provide evidence that can be horizontally finding RNA blood followed IgG...
We investigated the duration of Ebola virus (EBOV) RNA and infectious EBOV in semen specimens 5 disease (EVD) survivors. was detected by real-time RT-PCR culture out to 290 days 70 days, respectively, after EVD onset.
Abstract Marburg virus (MARV) causes sporadic outbreaks of severe disease (MVD). Most MVD originated in East Africa and field studies Africa, South Zambia, Gabon identified the Egyptian rousette bat (ERB; Rousettus aegyptiacus ) as a natural reservoir. However, largest recorded outbreak with highest case–fatality ratio happened 2005 Angola, where direct spillover from bats was not shown. Here, collaborative by Centers for Disease Control Prevention, Njala University, University California,...
Marburg virus (MARV) is among the most virulent pathogens of primates, including humans. Contributors to severe MARV disease include immune response suppression and inflammatory gene dysregulation ("cytokine storm"), leading systemic damage often death. Conversely, causes little no clinical in its reservoir host, Egyptian rousette bat (ERB). Previous genomic vitro data suggest that a tolerant ERB may underlie avirulence, but significant examination this vivo yet exists. Here, using...
Bats are increasingly recognized as reservoirs of emerging zoonotic pathogens. Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs) the known reservoir Marburg virus (MARV), a filovirus that causes deadly disease (MVD) in humans. However, ERBs harbor MARV asymptomatically, likely due to coadapted and specific host immunity-pathogen relationship. Recently, we measured transcriptional responses MARV-infected ERB whole tissues, showing these possess tolerant strategy limits pro-inflammatory gene induction, presumably...
From 2014 to May 2015, >26 000 Ebola virus disease (EVD) cases were reported from West Africa. We present a patient with EVD who received brincidofovir and convalescent plasma. The relative contributions of supportive care, investigational therapies, patient's immune-response on survival could not be determined. Randomized trials are needed.
In August 2012, a wildlife biologist became ill immediately following 6-wk field trip to collect bats and rodents in South Sudan Uganda. After returning the US, was admitted hospital with multiple symptoms including fever, malaise, headache, generalized myalgia arthralgia, stiffness neck, sore throat. Soon after admission, patient developed maculopapular rash oropharynx ulcerations. The remained hospitalized for 14 d. Several suspect pathogens, viral hemorrhagic fever viruses such as Ebola...
Abstract Although bats are natural reservoir hosts for numerous zoonotic viruses, little is known about the long-term dynamics of host immune response following infection and how these viruses maintained in nature. The Egyptian rousette bat (ERB) a Marburg virus (MARV). Following ERBs with MARV, virus-specific IgG antibodies induced but rapidly wane by 3 months post-infection seronegative. To determine whether reinfection plays role MARV maintenance, we challenge groups that were “naturally”...
Marburg virus (MARV), the causative agent of disease, emerges sporadically in sub-Saharan Africa and is often fatal humas. The natural reservoir for this zoonotic frugivorous Egyptian rousette bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) that when infected, sheds highest amounts oral secretions urine. Being fruit bats, these animals forage nightly ripened throughout year, including those types preferred by humans. During feeding, they continually discard partially eaten on ground could then be consumed other...
Sosuga virus (SOSV), a rare human pathogenic paramyxovirus, was first discovered in 2012 when person became ill after working South Sudan and Uganda. During an ecological investigation, several species of bats were sampled tested for SOSV RNA only one species, the Egyptian rousette bat (ERBs;
The Egyptian rousette bat (ERB) is a natural reservoir for Marburg virus (MARV; family Filoviridae ), putative Sosuga (SOSV; Paramyxoviridae and vertebrate Kasokero (KASV; Orthonairoviridae ); however, the effect of naturally occurring coinfection by those viruses on MARV shedding spillover potential unknown. To answer this question, we experimentally infected one cohort captive-bred ERBs with SOSV+MARV (n=12 bats) or only second KASV+MARV bats), then collected blood, oral swab, rectal swab...
Five genotypes (GI–V) of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) have been identified, all which distinct geographical distributions and epidemiologies. It is thought that JEV originated in the Indonesia-Malaysia region from an ancestral virus. From GV diverged, followed by GIV, GIII, GII, GI. Genotype IV appears to be confined region, as GIV has isolated Indonesia mosquitoes only, while on three occasions only a human Malaysia China South Korea. In contrast, GI–III viruses throughout Asia...
Egyptian rousette bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) are natural reservoir hosts of Marburg virus (MARV), and Ravn (RAVV; collectively called marburgviruses) have been linked to human cases disease (MVD). We investigated the clinical pathologic effects experimental MARV infection in rousettes through a serial euthanasia study found clear evidence mild but transient disease. Three groups nine, captive-born, juvenile male were inoculated subcutaneously with 10,000 TCID50 strain Uganda 371Bat2007,...
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) consists of five genotypes (GI–V). Phylogenetic characterization 16 JEV strains isolated from the 'USSR', Japan and Korea during 1930–1970s revealed that 15 fell into GIII, confirming GIII was predominant genotype in between 1935 (isolation prototype strain; a virus) 1990s (when GI supplanted GIII). One Korean isolates GII, demonstrating GII has been circulating for at least 19 years longer than previously thought. Formerly, associated with endemic disease...
Rapid, reliable, and easy-to-use diagnostic assays for detection of Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) are urgently needed. The goal this study was to examine the agreement among emergency use authorization (EUA) tests ZEBOV nucleic acids, including BioFire FilmArray BioThreat (BT) panel, BT-E NP2 VP40 quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase (qRT) PCR from Centers Disease Control Prevention (CDC). Specimens used in included whole blood spiked with inactivated at known titers whole-blood, plasma,...
In August 2014, the Viral Special Pathogens Branch of US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established a field laboratory in Sierra Leone response to ongoing Ebola virus outbreak. Through March 2015, this tested >12 000 specimens from throughout Leone. We describe organization procedures located Bo,
Although bats are increasingly being recognized as natural reservoir hosts of emerging zoonotic viruses, little is known about how they control and clear virus infection in the absence clinical disease. Here, we test >50 convalescent sera from Egyptian rousette (ERBs) experimentally primed or prime-boosted with Marburg virus, Ebola Sosuga for presence virus-specific neutralizing antibodies, using infectious reporter viruses. After serum neutralization testing, conclude that antibody-mediated...