The present study provides an intercomparison of the induced quantities in a human model for uniform magnetic field exposures at extremely low frequency. A total six research groups have cooperated this joint study. computational conditions and numeric phantom including conductivity tissue were set identically to focus on uncertainty computed fields. Differences maximal 99th percentile value situ electric less than 30 10 % except results one group. current density averaged over 1 cm2 central...

IEEE C95.1 (radio frequency) and C95.6 (low standards for human protection from electromagnetic fields are currently under revision. In the next revision, they will be combined into one standard covering frequency range 0 Hz to 300 GHz. Although considers anatomical models deriving relationship between internal external field strengths, homogeneous ellipses used in standard. guidelines of International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, together with reduction factors account...

Abstract An ungrounded human, such as a substation worker, receives contact currents when touching grounded object in electric fields. In this article, and internal fields induced the human exposed to non‐uniform at 50 Hz are numerically calculated. This is done using realistic model standing distance of 0.1–0.5 m from conductive object. We found that relationship between external field strength current obtained by calculation good agreement with previous measurements. Calculated results...

Most results regarding induced current in the human body related to electric field dosimetry have been calculated under uniform conditions. We found previous work that a contact is more suitable way evaluate fields, even case of exposure non-uniform fields. If relationship between currents and external fields can be understood, nervous system tissues may able estimated from measurements ambient In present paper, we numerically model by considering based on distortion cubic conductor an...

Contact currents flow through the human body when a conducting object with different potential is touched. There are limited reports on numerical dosimetry for contact current exposure compared electromagnetic field exposures. In this study, using an anatomical adult male model, we performed calculation of internal electric fields resulting from 60 Hz flowing left hand to foot as basis case. Next, variety similar calculations varying tissue conductivity and area, results We found that very...

Abstract The main aim of this study was to investigate occupational exposure electric fields, and current densities contact currents associated with tasks at air‐insulated 110 kV substations analyze if the action value EU Directive 2004/40/EC exceeded. Four workers volunteered simulate following tasks: Task (A) maintenance an operating device a disconnector ground or floor level, (B) circuit breaker (C) head from man hoist, (D) service platform. highest maximum average density in neck 1.8...

Abstract The objective of the study was to investigate influence humidity on analyzing electric field exposure using extremely low frequency (ELF) measurements. included 322 measurements in a climate room. We used two commercial three‐axis meters, EFA‐3 and EFA‐300, employed measurement techniques room where we varied temperature from 15 25 °C, relative 55% 95%, 1 kV/m. calculated Pearson correlations between percentage errors for all data at different levels humidity. When below 70%,...

Contact current flows through the human body when a high voltage line worker touches distribution that results in potential difference. In most cases it is difficult to measure how much contact body. But, possible determine easily if impedance between two points of known. Recently, development an anatomic numerical model with resolution, and advancement computer technology, have made calculations using such models possible. We intend this study establish electrical properties model. The...

Abstract Distributions of 60 Hz contact current around and inside the heart anatomically realistic human body are demonstrated under four scenarios: left hand to both feet, right hand, foot foot. The heart‐current ratios factors calculated. new numerical method which is partly modified from conventional scalar potential finite difference (SPFD) proposed. It found that a part ∼33–40% total passes through in three scenarios one either other or these much larger than ones reported by...

A numerical method, which is newly developed here, used in order to calculate internal body resistances a voxelized biological model. By using this the of an anatomical human model were calculated for two current paths: 1400 Ω hand foot, and 1500 hand. They are compared with experimental ones (500 ∼ 600 foot 500 700 hand), resulting conclusion that values resistance twice or three times higher than ones. While there discrepancy between measured results absolute values, profiles their...

In this paper, induced currents in an anatomical head model exposed to a non-uniform ELF magnetic field (B-field) including harmonics are numerically calculated, and discussed based on the basic restriction established by International Commission Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). A casual hair dryer of 100V 1.2kW is chosen as typical source B-field both fundamental second harmonic components. The distribution around estimated using 3-orthogonal dipole moments, which derived from...

The use of cardiac pacemakers (PMs) increases in Western countries. aim the study is to investigate using a human-shaped phantom magnetic fields shunt reactor at 400 kV substation. We performed seven PM experiments phantom. Two locations close reactors were chosen. field exposure was over 1000 µT one location and 600 other one. did not disturb tested five different PMs (in unipolar or bipolar configurations). It can be stated that our experiment, (over µT) Since we only studied some PMs, it...

The object of the study was to investigate extremely low frequency (ELF) electric field exposure measurement methods under power lines. authors compared two different lines: in Method A, sensor placed on a tripod; and B required measurer hold meter horizontally so that distance from him/her at least 1.5 m. includes 20 measurements three places 400 kV used commercial three-axis meters, EFA-3 EFA-300. In statistical analyses, they did not find significant differences between Methods A B....

Abstract Characteristics of power‐frequency touch current inside an anatomically realistic human model Japanese adult were numerically analyzed under various scenarios paths using a modified scalar potential finite difference (SPFD) method. Then, complex distributions the density in visually illustrated. Results dosimetry for excitable tissues indicates that within reference level (0.5 mA) does not always satisfy basic restriction light ICNIRP guideline general public. Two sets internal body...

The aim of the paper was to present examples electric field measurements using a piece shielding net under power lines and above subject. We performed experiments ladder constructed different shield nets. conducted five experiments: (1) not grounded, (2) grounded; (3) with 60×60 cm fish (grounded); (4) 145 × 60 (5) chicken (grounded). In measurement place, 5.1 kV/m (height 1.7 m). Our experimental shields could decrease relatively well.

Recently, induction heating (IH) ranges, which heats using Joule heat based on eddy currents in a pan, have been increasing not only for household use but commercial use. Some of users concerns about the possible health effects magnetic fields from ranges. In this study, we quantitatively measured leakage an IH range as survey range. Especially, investigated effect size pan. The magnitudes field at edge were 5-40 μT, depending pan used. Furthermore, inversely proportional to cubic distance...

The aim of the paper is to present some examples works under power lines, where action values directive can be exceeded. occupational exposure at tasks from ladder has been studied. We performed measurements on steps ladder. conducted different step heights: fourth (height 0.9m ground), eight 1.9m and eleventh 2.8m ground). compared when was grounded it not. Based our limited measurements, electric field task (step eleven) exceeded directive.

This paper describes the effectiveness of a geometric multi-grid (GMG) method in current density analysis using numerical human body models. The scalar potential finite difference (SPFD) is used as inside low-frequency domain, and studies have been conducted to solve faster large-scale linear equations made by SPFD method. In previous research, block incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradients (ICCG) proposed an effective faster. However, even though ICCG applied, many iterations are still...

Exposure to spark discharges may occur beneath high voltage transmission lines when contact is initiated with a conductive object (such as motor vehicle) the discharge mediated by ambient electric field from line. The objective of this study was assess whether such exposures could interfere normal functioning implanted cardiac pacemakers (PMs). experiment consisted PMs in human-sized phantom and then exposed through an upper extremity. A circuit designed that produced between two spherical...

Abstract Internal body impedances R i of an anatomically realistic human model were numerically calculated at 60 Hz under various current scenarios and electrode sizes. On the basis numerical results, effects systems on investigated. It is found that obtained for a two‐electrode are larger than those four‐electrode by factor up to about 1.3. This means measured using four‐wire method smaller ones 23%. At end, it concluded that, although difference in cause disagreements between impedances,...

Recently, use of an induction heating (IH) range, which heats using Joule heat based on eddy currents in a pan, has been increasing not only for household but commercial. Some its users have concerns about the possible health effects leakage magnetic fields from such heaiting ranges. In this study, we surveyed magnitude total 26 coils IH ranges under same measurement conditions as maximum output power, identical pan and fixed distance center coil. Measured data were statistically analyzed....

Abstract In the ICNIRP guidelines on protection of human exposure to low frequency electric and magnetic fields, reference levels are given based maximum value induced fields (EF’s) inside a numerical model that stands erect ground plane with both hands down by its sides. this contribution, results EF’s standing elevated arms in 50 Hz uniform EF, illustrated. The effect arm elevation angle EF is discussed. It found that, when raised overhead, values nervous system tissues increase 20–35%...

Workers using an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) are classified by European Directive 2013/35/EU as being at particular risk because of the potential interference between implanted medical devices and electromagnetic fields. The aim study was to investigate ICD function a human-shaped phantom in high magnetic fields shunt reactor 400 kV substation. We used following experiment periods: isolated from ground, grounded foot, or hand. performed five tests different devices. In place...