ABSTRACT The anti-infectious activity of probiotic Bifidobacteria against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 was examined in a fatal mouse STEC infection model. Stable colonization the murine intestines achieved by oral administration Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult (naturally resistant to streptomycin sulfate) as long mice were treated with their drinking water (5 mg/ml). pathogenicity infection, characterized marked body weight loss and subsequent death, observed...

We examined colonization patterns of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), concentrations toxins (Stxs) and specific immunoglobulin A (lgA) against Stxs STEC bacterial cell surface antigen in various portions the gastrointestinal tract an infant rabbit infection model. After inoculation 3-day-old rabbits with strain 89020087 at low doses (approximately 10(3) CFU/body), numbers colonizing bacteria intestine increased dramatically animals developed diarrhea within a couple days after...

Cathelicidin (hCAP-18/LL-37) and beta-defensin 1 (HBD-1) are human antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with high basal expression levels, which form the first line of host defence against infections over epithelial surfaces. The functions owe to their direct microbicidal effects as well immunomodulatory role. Pathogenic microorganisms have developed multiple modalities including transcriptional repression combat this arm immune response. precise mechanisms pathogen-derived molecules responsible...

ABSTRACT The genomes of the O3:K6 strains Vibrio parahaemolyticus which abruptly emerged in Calcutta, India, February 1996 and demonstrated an unusual potential to spread enhanced propensity cause infections were examined by different molecular techniques determine clonality. No restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) gene encoding thermostable direct hemolysin was observed among isolates V. . Clonal diversity became evident examining RFLPs rrn operons use pulsed-field gel...

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant strains produced much more cholera toxin than did prototype strains. The amount of by both in vitro and vivo was or less equivalent to that classical

Abstract Cholera toxin (CT) is a potent adjuvant; however, the mechanism for its ability to enhance mucosal immunity has not been fully elucidated. We report here that CT exerts adjuvant propertiesby signaling through GM1 ganglioside receptor. When ganglioside‐defective mice were given antigen (Ag) ovalbumin (OVA) with by oral route, failed support either OVA‐specific antibody or CD4 + T cell responses. In vitro treatment of murine bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (DC) induced full...

The Matlab variants of Vibrio cholerae O1, defined as hybrids between the classical and El Tor biotypes, were first isolated from hospitalized patients with acute secretory diarrhoea in Matlab, a rural area Bangladesh. These could not be categorized or biotypes by phenotypic genotypic tests, had representative traits both biotypes. A number virulence-associated genes and/or gene clusters screened PCR DNA sequencing. Tor-specific clusters, seventh-pandemic islands (VSP)-I -II repeat toxin...

ABSTRACT VBNC Vibrio cholerae O139 VC‐280 obtained by incubation in 1% solution of artificial sea water IO at 4°C for 74 days converted to the culturable state when co‐cultured with CHO cells. Other eukaryotic cell lines, including HT‐29, Caco‐2, T84, HeLa, and Intestine 407, also supported conversion cells state. Conversion V. O1 N16961 VC‐280/pG13 state, under same conditions, was confirmed. When incubated up 91 days, number co‐culture declined each additional day after not observed.

ABSTRACT PCR surveillance of the rstR genes CTX phages in Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 showed no relationship between incidence disease changes but variations their presence strains occurrence multiple types a few strains.

A novel nontoxic form of chimeric mucosal adjuvant that combines the subunit mutant cholera toxin E112K with pentameric B heat-labile enterotoxin from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was constructed by use Brevibacillus choshinensis expression system (mCTA/LTB). Nasal immunization mice tetanus toxoid (TT) plus mCTA/LTB elicited significant TT-specific immunoglobulin responses in compartments and induced high serum G anti-TT antibody responses. Although TT native CT total E responses,...

The vesicular transport pathway in plant cells is often used for higher accumulation of recombinant proteins. In the endoplasmic reticulum, which acts as a gateway to pathway, N-glycosylation occurs on specific Asn residues. This proteins must be carefully regulated it can impact their enzymatic activity, half lives serum when injected, structural stability, etc. eukaryotic cells, including N-glycans were found attached residues Asn-X-Ser/Thr (X ≠ Pro) sequences. However, recently,...

ABSTRACT Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) is a major virulence factor in infections with Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), which causes gastrointestinal diseases and sometimes fatal systemic complications. Recently, we developed an oral Stx2 inhibitor known as Ac-PPP-tet that exhibits remarkable therapeutic potency STEC infection model. However, the precise mechanism underlying vivo effects of unknown. Here, found completely inhibited fluid accumulation rabbit ileum caused by direct injection Stx2....

Previously, we reported that viable but nonculturable (VBNC) Vibrio cholerae was converted into a culturable state by coculture with several eukaryotic cell lines including HT-29 cells. In this study, found factor converting VBNC V. (FCVC) existed in extracts of FCVC nondialyzable, proteinase K-sensitive, and stable to heating at <60°C for 5 min. We prepared thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) plates (F-TCBS plates). After confirming O1 O139 formed typical yellow colonies on F-TCBS...

Two Stx-converting phages, designated Stx1 phi and Stx2 phi-II, were isolated from an Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain, Morioka V526, their entire nucleotide sequences determined. The genomes of both phages similar except for the stx gene-flanking regions. Comparing these to other known we concluded that is a novel Stx1-converting phage closely related Stx2-converting so far reported.

ABSTRACT CS6 is a widely expressed colonization factor of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). To date, has not been well characterized in its native state. Here, we purified for the first time from an ETEC clinical isolate. Purified was composed two structural subunits, CssA and CssB, which were present equal amounts tightly linked through noncovalent, detergent-stable association. The subunit poorly immunogenic, whereas CssB highly immunogenic. Although predicted molecular mass 15 kDa,...

A sensitive rRNA-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method was developed for detection of Vibrio cholerae/mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus/alginolyticus and Campylobacter jejuni/coli by using specific primers. Counts the enteric pathogens spiked in human stools were quantified at lower limit 10(3) cells/g stool RT-qPCR, marked contrast with conventional quantitative (qPCR) 10(5) to 10(6) stool. The bacterial counts determined RT-qPCR almost equivalent...

In our previous work, we demonstrated that viable but nonculturable (VBNC) Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 were converted to culturable by coculture with eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, isolated a factor converting VBNC V. (FCVC) from cell line, HT-29. this study, purified FCVC successive column chromatographies comprising UNO Q-6 anion exchange, Bio-Scale CHT2-1 hydroxyapatite, Superdex 200 10/300 GL. Homogeneity of the was SDS-PAGE. Nano-LC MS/MS analysis showed human catalase. An experiment...

Many pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae, can become viable but nonculturable (VBNC) following exposure to specific stress conditions. Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a known human pathogen causing diphtheria, has not previously been shown enter the VBNC state. Here, we report that C. diphtheriae when exposed low temperatures. Morphological differences in culturable were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Culturable cells presented with typical...

Colonization factor antigens (CFAs) are important virulence factors in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Using a multiplex PCR and RT-PCR, this study tested the presence of common colonization factor-encoding genes their expression 50 ETEC strains isolated from stool specimens. The samples were patients (children) with acute diarrhoea (cases) admitted to Infectious Disease Hospital (Kolkata, India) normal children (controls) under 5 years age community. results indicated that surface...

Porcine edema disease (ED) is a communicable of shoats caused by infection with Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli. Stx2e classified as 1A5B-type and decisive virulence determinant ED. The single A subunit possesses enzymatic activity accompanied pentamer B subunits, which binds to the host receptor delivers into cell. In present study, we used mouse model evaluate immunogenicity 3 ED vaccine candidates: non-toxic mutant holotoxin mStx2e 2 Stx2eB-based fusion proteins, Stx2eA2B-His...