Abstract Background Recent trends in global vaccination coverage have shown increases with most countries reaching 90% DTP3 2008, although pockets of undervaccination continue to persist parts sub-Saharan Africa particularly the urban slums. The objectives this study were determine status children aged between 12-23 months living two slums Nairobi and identify risk factors associated incomplete vaccination. Methods was carried out as part a longitudinal Maternal Child Health undertaken...

Food and nutrition security is critical for economic development due to the role of in healthy growth human capital development. Slum residents, already grossly affected by chronic poverty, are highly vulnerable different forms shocks, including those arising from political instability. This study describes food situation among slum residents Nairobi, with specific focus on vulnerability associated 2007/2008 postelection crisis Kenya. The which data drawn was nested within Nairobi Urban...

In Kenya, where 60 to 80% of the urban residents live in informal settlements (frequently referred as slums), out-of-pocket (OOP) payments account for more than a third national health expenditures. However, little is known on extent which these OOP are associated with personal or household financial catastrophe slums. This paper seeks examine incidence and determinants catastrophic expenditure among slum communities Kenya.We use unique dataset settlement Kenya various approaches that relate...

Air pollution is among the leading global risks for mortality and responsible increasing risk chronic diseases. Community perceptions on exposure are critical in determining people’s response acceptance of related policies. Therefore, understanding people’ perception informing design appropriate intervention measures. The aim this paper was to establish levels associations between perceived health slum residents. A cross-sectional study 5,317 individuals aged 35+ years conducted two slums...

The Government of Kenya is making plans to implement a social health insurance program by transforming the National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) into universal coverage program. objective this study was examine determinants associated with ownership among women in Kenya.Data came from 2008-09 Demographic and Health Survey, nationally representative survey. sample comprised 8,435 aged 15-49 years. Descriptive statistics multivariable logistic regression analysis were used describe...

Background : Many studies have established a link between weather (primarily temperature) and daily mortality in developed countries. However, little is known about this relationship urban populations sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives The objective of study was to describe the Nairobi, Kenya, evaluate with regard cause death, age, sex. Methods We utilized data from Nairobi Urban Health Demographic Surveillance System applied time-series models for population approximately 60,000 during period...

The increase in cardiovascular diseases sub-Saharan Africa has been attributed part to the changes lifestyle, and prevalence of risk factors for disease is higher among urban populations than nonurban populations. objective this study was determine overweight obesity examine perceptions body size differentiated by sex other determinants slum dwellers Nairobi, Kenya.Analysis included 4,934 adults randomly selected from Korogocho Viwandani slums Nairobi. Height weight were measured during...

The government of Kenya is making plans to implement a social health insurance program by transforming the National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) into universal coverage program. This paper examines determinants associated with participation in NHIF among residents urban slums Nairobi city. study used data from Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System two city, where total about 60,000 individuals living approximately 23,000 households are under surveillance. Descriptive statistics...

Introduction: The disparity in under-five year-old mortality rates between rural and urban areas Kenya (also reported other sub-Saharan African countries), is a critical national concern. objective of this study was to investigate the influence geographical location maternal factors on likelihood among children Kenya.Methods: Data from 2008-2009 Demographic Health Survey were used determine (n=16 162) 5 years preceding survey. Multivariate analysis compare key risk areas.Results: Overall,...

Exposure to air pollution is associated with adverse health outcomes. However, the burden related ambient outdoor in sub-Saharan Africa remains unclear. This study examined relationship between exposure and child urban slums of Nairobi, Kenya. We conducted a semi-ecological among children under 5 years age from two slum areas measurements particulate matter (PM2.5) at village level were aligned data retrospective cohort design. used logistic Poisson regression models ascertain associations...

Introduction Rapid urbanisation in Kenya has resulted growth of slums urban centres, characterised by poverty, inadequate social services and poor health outcomes. The government's initiatives to improve access quality healthcare for mothers children are largely limited public facilities, which few and/or inaccessible underserved areas such as the slums. ‘Partnership Maternal, Newborn Child Health’ (PAMANECH) project is being implemented two Nairobi slums, Viwandani Korogocho, assess impact...

The burden of cardiovascular disease is rising in sub-Saharan Africa with hypertension being the main risk factor. However, context-specific evidence on effective interventions for primary prevention diseases resource-poor settings limited. This study aims to evaluate feasibility and cost-effectiveness one such intervention--the "Sustainable model health by adjusting lifestyle treatment economic perspective urban poverty".A prospective quasi-experimental community-based intervention...

Enhancing accountability in health systems is increasingly emphasised as crucial for improving the nature and quality of service delivery worldwide particularly developing countries. Accountability mechanisms include, among others, facilities committees, suggestion boxes, facility patient charters. However, there a dearth information regarding factors that influence performance mechanisms, especially We examine community members' experiences one such mechanism, charter Kericho District,...

The World Health Organization recommends Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination against tuberculosis be given at birth. However, in many developing countries, pre-term and low birth weight infants get vaccinated only after they gain the desired weight. In Kenya, ministry of health to immunized time discharge from hospital irrespective their This paper seeks understand effects on timing BCG vaccine. study was conducted two Nairobi urban informal settlements, Korogocho Viwandani which...

We sought to determine the spatial variation in use of skilled providers during deliveries across Kenya and relationship between distance health facilities delivery. found that women who resided 5 km or less from nearest facility were more likely care at delivery than residing greater distances, although pattern choice level for differed this distance. Outreach maternity services are urgently required counties with remote communities order improve access attendants these areas.

The contribution of sub-Saharan Africa to scientific knowledge on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and care is very limited compared other regions the world. This underlies challenge understanding addressing high prevalence risk factors for CVD in Africa. patterns collaboration between institutions region area research are not well documented, although there evidence significant health Africa-based researchers those countries outside region. study focuses mapping linkages this using...

The prevalence of HIV in the adult population slum areas Nairobi, Kenya, is higher than for residents city as a whole. This disparity suggests that characteristics may adversely influence HIV-prevention strategies directed at reducing national HIV. objective study was to identify some sociodemographic and behavioural correlates HIV-status awareness among two slums Nairobi. In household-based survey conducted by African Population Health Research Center (APHRC), 4 767 men women aged between...

We describe the sources of care for delivery, family planning and child welfare services in urban slums Nairobi. further explore perceptions women community health volunteers regarding choice quality at facilities. Data are from a cross-sectional study conducted 2013 involving interviews with 849 aged 12-49 years, 968 caregivers children under five focus group discussions subset volunteers. The findings showed that most sought delivery private facilities (51.5% 47.4%, respectively). Private...