Abstract Aim: MyoD, myogenin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (p21) proteins are key molecules in inducing the growth of myogenic cells vitro . However, it has not been determined which types express these factors hypertrophying skeletal muscles vivo Methods: Using immunohistochemical techniques, we examined spatial temporal expression patterns PCNA functionally overloaded rat plantaris induced by ablation soleus gastrocnemius muscles....

In the present study, we characterized both temporal and spatial expression patterns of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) interleukin-6 (IL-6) messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) in injured skeletal muscle using situ hybridization. LIF IL-6 mRNAs were expressed mononucleated cells damaged cells. Further, signals for mRNA also detected Schwann cell-like intramuscular nerves. These results suggest that earliest events involved repair muscles nerves may be triggered by these cytokines.

MyoD, a myogenic regulatory factor, is rapidly expressed in adult skeletal muscles response to denervation. However, the function(s) of MyoD denervated muscle has not been adequately elucidated. In vitro, it directly transactivates cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (p21) and retinoblastoma protein (Rb), downstream target p21. These factors then act regulate cell cycle withdrawal antiapoptotic death. Using immunohistochemical approaches, we characterized types expressing p21, Rb...

Background Physical exercise effectively attenuates neuropathic pain, and multiple events including the inhibition of activated glial cells in spinal dorsal horn, activation descending pain inhibitory system, reductions pro-inflammatory cytokines injured peripheral nerves may contribute to exercise-induced hypoalgesia. Since fewer GABAergic hypoalgesic interneurons exist horn model animals, recovery impaired improve behavior. We herein determined whether production gamma-aminobutyric acid...

Although growth factors and cytokines play critical roles in skeletal muscle regeneration, intracellular signaling molecules that are activated by these regenerating muscles have been not elucidated. Several lines of evidence suggest leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is an important cytokine for the proliferation survival myoblasts vitro acceleration regeneration. To elucidate role LIF regenerative responses muscles, we examined spatial temporal activation patterns LIF-associated molecule,...

Abstract Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons are the primary source of in target structures that constitute mesolimbic reward system. Previous studies demonstrated voluntary wheel running (VWR) by neuropathic pain (NPP) model mice produces exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH), and activation system may lead to EIH. However, neuronal mechanism which is activated VWR unknown. Here, we found EIH effects reverses marked reduction lateral VTA (lVTA)-DA induced NPP. The proportions...

Moderate-intensity exercise performed during wound healing has been reported to decrease inflammatory cytokines and chemokines accelerate healing. However, its effect on macrophage phenotype the mechanism by which accelerates remain unclear. The purpose of this study was investigate clarify relationship between angiogenesis 12-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into sedentary (n = 6) groups 6). group moderate-intensity treadmill running (9.0 m/min, 60 min) for 10 days. Double...

The biological actions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and ciliary neurotrophic (CNTF) are mediated via respective functional receptor complexes consisting a common signal-transducing component, gp130, other specific components, IL-6 alpha (IL-6R), LIF beta (LIFR), CNTF (CNTFR). IL-6, LIF, implicated in skeletal muscle regeneration. However, the cell populations that express these components regenerating muscles unknown. Using situ hybridization histochemistry, we...

To investigate the effects of heat stress (hyperthermia) on muscle degeneration-regeneration, soleus muscles adult male Wistar rats were injected bilaterally with a single injection bupivacaine. The assigned to sedentary control (Con), (Heat), bupivacaine-injected (BPVC), or plus (BPVC+Heat) group. Heat was induced in and BPVC+Heat groups by immersion lower half body into water maintained at 42 +/- 1 degrees C for 30 min 48 h after bupivacaine every other day during following 2 wk. all...

Physical exercise has been established as a low-cost, safe, and effective way to manage chronic pain, but exact mechanisms underlying such exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) are not fully understood. Since growing body of evidence implicated the amygdala (Amyg) critical node in emotional affective aspects we hypothesized that Amyg may play important roles produce EIH effects. Here, using partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL) model mice, investigated effects voluntary running (VR) on basal...

Abstract Although numerous studies have aimed to elucidate the mechanisms used repair structure and function of injured skeletal muscles, it remains unclear how when movement recovers following damage. We performed a temporal analysis characterize changes in movement, muscle function, after injury induced by drop‐mass technique. At each time‐point, recovery was determined ankle kinematic locomotion, functional represented isometric force. As histological analysis, cross‐sectional area...

The purpose of the present study was to determine changes in localization vinculin, Type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin during damage-repair process skeletal muscle over several days following acute blunt trauma. A single trauma gastrocnemius rat induced by applying 1.57 J kinetic energy one leg. By day 2 after trauma, vinculin had disappeared rapidly from intracellular submembraneous region corresponding costamere, whereas collagen laminin persisted around degenerating myofibers...

Abstract Aim: Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and M‐cadherin are molecules expressed on the surface of skeletal muscle satellite (SC). During myogenic morphogenesis, participates in mediating terminal differentiation fusion myoblasts by forming a complex with β ‐catenin that NCAM contributes to myotube formation myoblasts. Hypertrophy hyperplasia functionally overloaded results from SCs into existing myofibres or new myofibre SC–SC fusion. However, alterations NCAM, expressions response...

We examined the effects of gastrocnemius eccentric contractions (ECs) on sciatic nerve in rats.Rats were divided randomly into following 3 groups: control, 180EC (ECs with 180°/s angular velocity), and 30EC 30°/s velocity). Twenty ECs induced by electrical stimulation gastrocnemius. On days 3, 7, 10 after ECs, conduction velocity (NCV) was measured, branches harvested for analysis.A significant decrease NCV observed between control day-7 180EC. Significant reduction levels myelin sheath...

Using in situ hybridization histochemistry, we characterized the spatiotemporal gene expression patterns of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic (GDNF), their receptor components (LIFR, GFR-α1, RET) induced muscle cells, intramuscular nerves, motoneurons regeneration processes both cells nerves following contusion. Muscle contusion upregulation GDNF GFR-α1 mRNAs Schwann cell-like LIFR mRNA damaged cells. LIFR, RET expressions were upregulated also more...

Physical exercise such as running or swimming can improve neuropathic pain (NPP) through alterations of cells that constitute the spinal dorsal horn,brainstem and injured peripheral nerve, but exact mechanisms under lying exercise–induced hypoalgesia (EIH) are not fully understood. Since effects physical influ enced by many factors including intensity, duration, frequency style (forced vs voluntary exercise) exercise, most suitable condition to produce EIH have yet been determined in detail....