Target tracking using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a challenging robotic problem. It requires handling high level of nonlinearity and dynamics. Model-free control effectively handles the uncertain nature problem, reinforcement learning (RL)-based approaches are good candidate for solving this In article, Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithm (TD3), as recent composite architecture RL, was explored agent UAV-based target Several improvements on original TD3 were...

In this article, a new multiband frequency reconfigurable substrate integrated waveguide cavity slot antenna was designed using Computer Simulation Technology software tool for addressing the specific design challenges posed by internet of things (IoT) based cognitive radio networks. Reconfiguration bands is achieved PIN diodes. The resonated at 2.624, 2.664, 2.720, 2.752, 4.304, 4.532, 4.556, 5.236, 5.304, 5.368, 5.332, and 5.392 GHz. resonant capability radiation performance are...

A compact fabric antenna structure integrated with electromagnetic bandgap structures (EBGs) covering the desired frequency spectrum between 2.36 GHz and 2.40 for Medical Body-Area Networks (MBANs), is introduced. The needs of flexible system applications, preferably low-profile, compact, directive, robust to human body's loading effect have be satisfied. EBGs are attractive solutions such requirements provide efficient performance. In contrast earlier documented EBG backed designs, proposed...

In this research, a reconfigurable metamaterial (MM) structure was designed using millimeter-wave (MMW) band with two configurations that exhibit different refractive indices. These MM are used to guide the antenna's main beam in desired direction 5th generation (5G) of 28 GHz. The indices created phase change for electromagnetic (EM) wave antenna, which deflected beam. A contiguous squares resonator (CSR) is proposed as an operate at MMW band. CSR reconfigured three switches achieve...

Purpose The largest share of a building maintenance budget goes towards preventing or repairing defects. Also, defects shorten building’s lifetime, impact the user’s safety and health, prevent buildings from performing their functions well generates waste. Therefore, this study aims to specify factors that affecting number how reduce negative impacts. Design/methodology/approach A case was used as research strategy convergent parallel mixed methods were design. Quantitative qualitative data...

The autonomous landing of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on a moving platform is essential functionality in various UAV-based applications. It can be added to teleoperation UAV system or part control system. Various robust and predictive systems based the traditional theory are used for operating UAV. Recently, some attempts were made land target using reinforcement learning (RL). Vision as typical way sensing detecting target. Mainly, related works have deployed deep-neural network (DNN)...

Cognitive radio (CR) exploits the spectrum efficiently and minimizes interference between different devices. Meanwhile, multiband frequency-reconfigurable antennas (FRA) are desirable for CR where it is beneficial to dynamically reconfigure a single antenna be transmitted and/or received on multiple frequency bands. As stated by literature review, there dearth of work into FRA that directly applied in applications with substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Frequency-reconfigurable...

Purpose Construction project stakeholders can have a major effect on delivering projects time. However, little attempt has been made to address the influence of internal delaying delivery. This research aims propose stakeholders' as solution improving delivery performance (PDP) in order boost value investment construction industry's projects. Design/methodology/approach In Yemen, structured questionnaire was distributed owners, consultants and contractors, 283 which were found usable after...

In this paper, the SIW cavity slots antenna wideband millimeter-wave is proposed for fifth generation (5G) communication. The also shows an average gain of 8,574 dBi, 20 × mm2 compact. applies to 5G application at 28 GHz operating frequency. simulated results show that resonates throughout 22 30 bands cover all applications within range. coefficients reflection in ranges from are below 10 dB. At Ghz, high efficiency and outstanding achieved.

In Yemen and other developing countries, many construction projects experience extensive delays by exceeding their initial completion time thereby leading to several reported effects which among others include: cost overrun; litigation; arbitration; failure; abandonment. Although variability in prevailing conditions warrants influential factors causing such differ an oft-cited approach implemented mitigate these is enhancing the collaboration of stakeholders project delivery. While this...

Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising candidate that expected to revolutionize indoor environment communications performance and fulfill fifth generation beyond (5GB) technologies requirements. It offers high free bandwidth, electromagnetic interference immunity, low-cost front end low power consumption. Also, VLC has dual functions could be utilized in both illumination concurrently. The number of optical attocells (OAs) their deployment the room represent main issue should taken...

The evolution of 5G is became a common in this decade and characteristic provide high speed low latency provoke the demand development millimeter wave antenna. This project to design compact millimeter-wave antennafor at28GHz using CST Studio Suite validation simulated result fabrication measurements. double side FR-4 with thickness 1.6 mm dielectric constant 4.7, copper 0.035mm used microstrip feed line as feeding technique simulation obtain reflection coefficient -45.11 dB, 1.011 VSMR,...

This paper shows a frequency reconfigurable SIW F-slot suitable for some applications. Configurability is accomplished by embeddings PIN diode switches in the 'F' slot. The proposed antenna equipped exchanging between working band of 3.172 GHz to 3.606 four different narrow bands and it underpins cognitive system LTE2300, WiMAX WLAN. For each case reflection coefficient ascertained, keeps up less than -10 dB all through resonating instances switching. electromagnetic energy kept inside...

In this paper, the reconfigurable metamaterial is proposed to deflect radiated beam of bow-tie antenna at a 5G band 3.5 GHz. The split square resonator (SSR) designed sub-6 GHz and reconfigured produce different refractive indices. For obtaining desired deflection angles, 3 × 7 SSR unit cells with ON OFF configurations are printed into substrate. This arrangement creates two indices in closeness radiating elements, thereby deflecting main direction high index metamaterial. passive antenna,...

Purpose Influential factors attributed to causing project completion delay (PCD) differ because of prevailing variability local conditions. Construction projects specifically in Yemen (and other developing countries) experience devastating effects PCD which include litigation, cost overrun, arbitration, abandonment and failure. While existing works have investigated the causes PCD, not much exist on approaches optimizing its occurrence Yemen. In a bid enhance Yemen, integrated influential...

A compact and robust ultra-wide-band SIW antenna technology is presented. The proposed applies for 42 - 54 GHz applications such as 5 G future WLAN. designed with specific slot configurations. simulated results show that the resonates throughout bands of to GHz, making this new cover all within range. reflection coefficients in ranges from 45 are below 10 dB. achieves good efficiency gain well.

In this paper, ultra-wide-band SIW antenna technology is presented. The proposed applies for 50 - 60 GHz applications such as 5 G and feature WLAN. antennas designed with two different slot configurations including the shape of F C slots circular shape. simulated results show that resonates in entire to bands, making new cover all within range. reflection coefficients ranges from are below 10 dB. achieves good efficiency gain.

This paper shows a frequency reconfigurable SIW F-slot suitable for some applications. Configurability is accomplished by embeddings PIN diode switches in the 'F' slot. The proposed antenna equipped exchanging between working band of 3.172 GHz to 3.606 four different narrow bands and it underpins cognitive system LTE2300, WiMAX WLAN. For each case reflection coefficient ascertained, keeps up less than -10 dB all through resonating instances switching. electromagnetic energy kept inside...