Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion affecting captive and free-ranging cervids (e.g. deer, elk, moose). The mechanisms of CWD transmission are poorly understood, though bodily fluids thought to play an important role. Here we report the presence infectious prions in urine saliva deer with chronic (CWD). Prion infectivity was detected by bioassay concentrated, dialyzed transgenic mice expressing cervid PrP gene (Tg[CerPrP] mice). In addition, PrPCWD pooled concentrated protein misfolding...

ABSTRACT Efficient horizontal transmission is a signature trait of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids. Infectious prions shed into excreta appear to play key role this facile transmission, as has been demonstrated by bioassays cervid and transgenic species serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (sPMCA). However, the source(s) infectious these body fluids yet be identified. In present study, we analyzed tissues proximate saliva, urine, fecal production sPMCA an attempt elucidate...

Background Chronic wasting disease (CWD) of cervids is a prion distinguished by high levels transmissibility, wherein bodily fluids and excretions are thought to play an important role. Using cervid bioassay established CWD detection methods, we have previously identified infectious prions in saliva blood but not urine or feces CWD+ donors. More recently, very low concentrations deer PrP transgenic (Tg[CerPrP]) mouse serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (sPMCA). This finding led us...

Prions are amyloid-forming proteins that cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies through a process involving the templated conversion of normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) to pathogenic misfolded conformation. Templated has been modelled in several vitro assays, including serial misfolding amplification, amyloid seeding and real-time quaking-induced (RT-QuIC). As RT-QuIC measures formation fibrils real-time, it can be used estimate rate seeded conversion. Here, we samples from deer...

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is an efficiently transmitted prion of cervids, now identified in 22 United States, 2 Canadian provinces and Korea. One hallmark CWD the shedding infectious prions saliva, as demonstrated by bioassay deer. It also clear that concentration blood, urine feces much lower than nervous system or lymphoid tissues. Rapid vitro detection (and other) body fluids excreta has been problematic due to sensitivity limits direct assays (western blotting, ELISA) presence...

CWD is an emergent prion disease that now affects cervid species on three continents. efficiently spread in wild and captive populations, likely through both direct animal contact environmental contamination. Here, by longitudinally assaying feces of CWD-exposed white-tailed deer RT-QuIC, we demonstrate fecal shedding seeding activity months before onset clinical symptoms continuing throughout the course. We also examine impact simulated conditions such as repeated freeze-thaw cycles...

The horizontal transmission of prion diseases has been well characterized in bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), chronic wasting disease (CWD) deer and elk scrapie sheep, regarded as the primary mode transmission. Few studies have monitored possibility vertical occurring within an infected mother during pregnancy. To study potential for pathway CWD native cervid species, we used a small model–the polyestrous breeding, indoor maintainable, Reeves' muntjac deer–and determined that...

Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids, was first documented nearly 50 years ago in Colorado and Wyoming has since spread to cervids 23 states, two Canadian provinces, the Republic Korea. The expansion this makes development sensitive diagnostic assays antemortem sampling techniques crucial for mitigation its spread; is especially true cases relocation/reintroduction farmed or free-ranging deer elk surveillance studies private protected herds,...

While the facile transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) remains incompletely elucidated, studies in rodents suggest that exposure respiratory mucosa may be an efficient pathway. The present study was designed to address this question native cervid host. Here, we demonstrate aerosol CWD deer with a prion dose >20-fold lower than used previous oral inoculations. Inhalation prions facilitate and, perhaps, other infections.

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, are a uniformly fatal family of neurodegenerative diseases in mammals that includes chronic wasting disease (CWD) cervids. The early and ante-mortem identification TSE-infected individuals using conventional western blotting immunohistochemistry (IHC) has proven difficult, as the levels infectious prions readily obtainable samples, including blood bodily fluids, typically beyond limits detection. development...

ABSTRACT Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of deer, elk, and moose, is the only prion affecting free-ranging animals. Since was first identified in northern Colorado southern Wyoming 1967, new epidemic foci have been 20 additional states, as well two Canadian provinces Republic South Korea. Identification CWD-affected animals currently requires postmortem analysis brain or lymphoid tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC) an enzyme-linked immunosorbent...

Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids, was first documented nearly 50 years ago in Colorado and Wyoming has since been detected across North America the Republic Korea. The expansion this makes development sensitive diagnostic assays antemortem sampling techniques crucial for mitigation its spread; is especially true cases relocation/reintroduction or prevalence studies large protected herds, where depopulation may be contraindicated. This study...

The objective of this investigation was to determine whether or not herpesvirus (herpes‐), adenovirus (adeno‐), canine parvovirus DNA is present in the brains dogs with necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME), leukoencephalitis (NLE), and granulomatous (GME). Paraffin‐embedded brain specimens from 12 histopathologically confirmed NME, 3 NLE, 7 GME were screened for viral degenerate herpes‐ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) a parvovirus‐specific PCR. Positive‐control included genomic...

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is an emergent prion affecting cervid species in North America, Canada, South Korea, and recently, Norway. Detection of CWD has been advanced by techniques that rely on amplification low levels amyloid to a detectable level. However, the increased sensitivity assays often compromised inhibitors and/or activators complex biologic samples including body fluids, excreta, or environment. Here, we adapt real-time quaking-induced conversion conditions specifically...

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes serious disease in domestic pigs for which there is no vaccine currently available. ASFV a large DNA that encodes more than 150 proteins, thus making the identification of viral antigens induce protective immune response difficult. Based on functional roles several proteins found previous studies, we selected combinations recombinant and pcDNAs-expressing genes, to analyze their ability humoral cellular responses pigs. Pigs were immunized using...

The diagnosis of chronic wasting disease (CWD) relies on demonstration the disease-associated misfolded CWD prion protein (PrPCWD) in brain or retropharyngeal lymph node tissue by immunodetection methods, e.g. ELISA and immunohistochemistry (IHC). success these methods a quality sample tissues, which requires both anatomical knowledge considerable dissection to collect. As prevalence continues increase globally, development fast cost-effective detect is vital facilitate detection...

The objective of this investigation was to determine whether or not herpesvirus (herpes-), adenovirus (adeno-), canine parvovirus DNA is present in the brains dogs with necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME), leukoencephalitis (NLE), and granulomatous (GME). Paraffin-embedded brain specimens from 12 histopathologically confirmed NME, 3 NLE, 7 GME were screened for viral degenerate herpes- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) a parvovirus-specific PCR. Positive-control included genomic...

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) affecting members of the cervid species, and one few TSEs with an expanding geographic range. Diagnostic limitations, efficient transmission, movement infected animals are important contributing factors in ongoing spread disease. Managing CWD affected populations has proven difficult, relying on population reduction case wild deer elk, or quarantine depopulation farmed cervids. In present study, we evaluated...

Chronic wasting disease is a prion affecting both free-ranging and farmed cervids in North America Scandinavia. A range of cervid species have been found to be susceptible, each with variations the gene for normal protein, PRNP, reportedly influencing susceptibility progression respective hosts. Despite finding several different PRNP alleles white-tailed deer, majority past research has focused on two more common identified-the 96G 96S alleles. In present study, we evaluate infection status...

Cerebellar hypoplasia in cats is caused most commonly by an utero or perinatal infection with feline panleukopenia virus (parvovirus). has been reported infrequently dogs, but no viral etiology identified to date. DNA was extracted from archival, paraffin-embedded, cerebellar tissue 8 and 2 canine littermates hypoplasia, cortical abiotrophy, 6 dogs congenital vermal defects, 1 dog hydranencephaly, 15 various encephalitides. The each cerebellum subject polymerase chain reaction (PCR)...

Abstract Objective —To develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum DNA in canine feline biological samples. Sample Population —Biological samples from 7 cats with systemic (n = 4) or CNS (3) toxoplasmosis, 6 dogs neospora- toxoplasma-associated encephalitis, 11 animals nonprotozoal disease. Procedure —Primers T gondii, N , ferritin gene (dogs) histone 3.3 (cats) were combined single PCR assay. The was extracted...

Abstract Case Description —An 8-year-old Labrador Retriever with diabetes mellitus in which bilateral phacoemulsification had been performed 3 weeks earlier was evaluated for acute onset of blepharospasm, and a 7-year-old Miniature Schnauzer chronic immune-mediated thrombocytopenia reevaluated keratoconjunctivitis sicca that diagnosed 4 earlier. Clinical Findings —Dendritic corneal ulcerations were detected both dogs. Canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) isolated from swab specimens obtained during...

As the only prion disease affecting free-ranging animals, ante-mortem identification of affected cervids has become paramount in understanding chronic wasting (CWD) pathogenesis, prevalence and control horizontal or vertical transmission. To seek maximal sensitivity detection CWD infection, this study used paired tonsil biopsy samples collected at various time points from 48 CWD-exposed to compare blinded serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (sPMCA) with assay long considered 'gold...