Abstract. Observation shows that eastern China experienced an interdecadal shift in the summer precipitation during second half of 20th century. The increased middle and lower reaches Yangtze River valley, whereas it decreased northern China. Here we use a coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model multi-ensemble simulations to show is mainly caused by anthropogenic forcing. rapidly increasing greenhouse gases induce notable Indian Ocean warming, causing westward western Pacific...

Surface wind trends and variability over Antarctica the Southern Ocean their implications to energy in region are analyzed using gridded ERA-Interim reanalysis data between 1979 2017 Self-Organizing Map (SOM) technique. In general, surface winds stronger coastal regions of East Transantarctic Mountains weaker Ross Ronne ice shelves Antarctic Peninsula; winter summer. Winds southern Indian Pacific Oceans along exhibit a strong interannual that appears be correlated Oscillation (AAO) index. A...

Abstract Both the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are critical factors contributing to Antarctic sea ice variability on interannual time scales. However, their joint effects complex remain unclear for each austral season. In this study, satellite concentration (SIC) observations atmospheric reanalysis data utilized assess impacts of combined SAM ENSO seasonal changes. The SAM–ENSO southern high latitudes principally controlled by strength position wave...

This study examines the trends and interannual variability of extreme precipitation in Antarctica, using six decades (1963–2023) daily data from Russia’s Novolazarevskaya Station East Antarctica. The results reveal declining both annual number days total amount precipitation, as well a decreasing ratio to precipitation. These are linked changes northward water vapor flux enhanced downward atmospheric motion. synoptic pattern driving events is characterized by dipole negative positive height...

ABSTRACT The changes in the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex are influenced by various factors and exert impacts on both weather climate of troposphere surface. In this study, we analysed trends using self‐organising map (SOM) method. There is a decreasing trend occurrence strong vortices, while there an increasing weak vortices. analysis revealed that nine nodes (3 × 3) SOMs can explain approximately one‐third (the contribution ratio 33.4%) significant increase geopotential height field,...

Abstract This study examines the spatial and temporal variability of wind speed at 80 m above ground (the average hub height most modern turbines) in contiguous United States using Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data from 1979 to 2011. The mean 80-m exhibits strong seasonality large variability, with higher (lower) speeds winter (summer), over much Midwest U.S. Northeast (U.S. West Southeast). Trends are also variable spatially, more upward trends areas Great Plains Intermountain...

Sea ice is an important component of the global climate system and a key indicator change. A decreasing trend in Arctic sea-ice concentration evident recent years, whereas Antarctic exhibits generally increasing trend. Various studies have investigated underlying causes observed trends for each region, but possible linkages between regional not been studied. Here, we hypothesize that opposite may be linked, at least partially, through interdecadal variability Pacific Decadal Oscillation...

The southerly Great Plains low-level jet (GPLLJ) is one of the most significant circulation features central U.S. linking large-scale atmospheric with regional climate. GPLLJs transport heat and moisture, contribute to thunderstorm severe weather formation, provide a corridor for springtime migration birds insects, enhance wind energy availability, disperse air pollution. We assess future changes in GPLLJ frequency using an eight member ensemble dynamically-downscaled climate simulations...

Abstract Near-surface air temperature at the Argentinian research base Esperanza on northern tip of Antarctic Peninsula reached 18.3 °C 6 February 2020, which is highest ever recorded entire continent. Here we use weather observations since 1973 together with ERA5 reanalysis to investigate circulation that shaped 2020 event, and its context over past decades. We find that, during a high-pressure ridge 40°-100°W sector blocking high Drake Passage led an anticyclonic brought warm moist from...

Abstract The satellite-observed sea ice thickness (SIT) records from 2003 to 2020 identify an extreme SIT loss during 2010–2011. Ice budget analysis demonstrates that the was associated with extraordinarily large multiyear (MYI) volume export through Fram Strait season of advance. High cloudiness led positive anomalies net longwave radiation, and surface energy flux supported enhanced melt June August. Due MYI loss, Arctic became more sensitive subsequent atmospheric anomalies. reduced...

ABSTRACT The mean climatology, seasonal and interannual variability trend of wind speeds at the hub height (80 m) modern turbines over China its surrounding regions are revisited using 33‐year (1979–2011) data from Climate Forecast System Reanalysis ( CFSR ) that has many improvements including higher spatial resolution previous global reanalysis products. Mean 80‐m consistently Seas ocean areas than land, inside high winds found in Inner Mongolia Tibetan Plateau. There is a considerable...

Abstract. We utilized the global atmospheric reanalysis ERA5 and reconstructed sea surface temperature (SST) data from 1979 through 2020 to examine stability of relationship between SST oscillations in southern Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean, as described by Subtropical Dipole (SIOD) South (SAOD) indices, respectively. note a significant positive correlation two indices prior year 2000 but practically no afterwards. show that decades 2000, phase SAOD is associated with more convective...

Abstract Strong offshore wind events (SOWEs) occur frequently near the Antarctic coast during austral winter. These are typically associated with passage of synoptic- or meso-scale cyclones, which interact katabatic field and affect sea ice oceanic processes in coastal polynyas. Based on numerical simulations from coupled Finite Element Sea-ice Ocean Model (FESOM) driven by CORE-II forcing, two polynyas along East Antarctica coast––the Prydz Bay Polynya Shackleton selected to examine...

Abstract The underlying mechanisms for Arctic sea ice decline can be categories as those directly related to changes in atmospheric circulations (often referred dynamic mechanisms) and the rest (broadly characterized thermodynamic processes). An attribution analysis based on self-organizing maps (SOM) method is performed determine relative contributions from these two types of August–October during 1979–2016. daily represented by 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies are classified into 12...

The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and the National Centers Environmental Prediction-National Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) ECMWF NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data were compared with Antarctic station observations, including surface-layer upper-layer atmospheric on intraseasonal interannual timescales. At timescale, pressure at different height levels in ERA-40 are better agreement observed than that data. also outperforms temperature, except...

Abstract The Antarctic sea ice variability has been linked to tropical surface temperature. However, little is known as whether and how the Indian Ocean Basin Mode (IOBM) influences changes. We revealed existence of a teleconnection between IOMB anomalies, which much stronger in austral spring autumn than summer winter. In particular, under positive phase IOBM, significant anomalies occur Bellingshausen northern Weddell Seas, contrast negative Amundsen Sea, southern Atlantic Ocean, coastal...