A5007534667- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Spatial Neglect and Hemispheric Dysfunction
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Older Adults Driving Studies
- Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Transportation and Mobility Innovations
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Aging and Gerontology Research
- Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
- Motor Control and Adaptation
- Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
- Cognitive Functions and Memory
George Mason University
2010-2022
Institute for Advanced Study
2010
University of Oslo
2006
National Institute of Mental Health
2000-2005
Catholic University of America
1993-2005
University of America
1997-2005
University of Sheffield
2005
Royal Hallamshire Hospital
2000
Yale University
1987
Stony Brook University
1974
Executive function declines with age, but engaging in aerobic exercise may attenuate decline. One mechanism by which preserve executive is through the up-regulation of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), also age. The present study examined BDNF as a mediator effects 1-year walking intervention on 90 older adults (mean age = 66.82). Participants were randomized to stretching and toning control group or moderate intensity group. serum levels performance task-switching paradigm collected...
Significance Placebo effects pose problems for some intervention studies, particularly those with no clearly identified mechanism. Cognitive training falls into that category, and yet the role of placebos in cognitive interventions has not been critically evaluated. Here, we show clear evidence placebo after a brief routine led to significant fluid intelligence gains. Our goal is emphasize importance ruling out alternative explanations before attributing effect interventions. Based on our...
Cue-directed shifts of spatial attention were examined for a letter-discrimination task in 15 patients with mild to moderate dementia the Alzheimer type (DAT) and healthy, age-matched controls. Spatial cues valid, invalid or neutral indicating probable target location presented either centrally at fixation peripherally 6.7° left right fixation. Stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) between cue was varied 200 ms 2000 ms. Reaction time (RT) benefits conferred by valid did not differ DAT group...
What is the neurocognitive basis for considerable individual differences observed in functioning of adult mind and brain late life? We review evidence that healthy old age remains capable both neuronal cognitive plasticity, including response to environmental experiential factors. Neuronal plasticity (e.g., neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, cortical re-organization) refers neuron-level changes can be stimulated by experience. Cognitive increased dependence on executive function) adaptive...
The cognitive consequences of the apolipoprotein E-ɛ4 (APOE-ɛ4) allele were examined in middle age, before likely onset symptoms Alzheimer's disease.The authors identified 3 processes-visuospatial attention, spatial working memory, and effect visuospatial attention on memory-and devised "behavioral assays" integrity components these processes.Redirecting retention memory for location, attentional modulation target location affected by APOE genotype.Visuospatial showed additive effects ɛ4...
A cued, visuospatial attention task and a working memory were administered to 89 healthy adults genotyped for T-to-C polymorphism in CHRNA4, nicotinic receptor subunit gene. Increasing gene dose of the C allele CHRNA4 (i.e., no alleles, one allele, two alleles) was associated with increased reaction time (RT) benefits valid attentional cuing reduced RT costs invalid cues, but not performance. In second experiment, 103 persons G-to-A dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) G DBH accuracy at high...
The epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is associated with altered brain physiology in healthy adults before old age, but concomitant deficits cognition on standardized tests cognitive function have not been consistently demonstrated. We hypothesized that sensitive and specific assessment basic attentional functions underlie complex would reveal evidence impairment otherwise asymptomatic individuals. found as early middle nondemented carriers varepsilon4 APOE showed when...
The sustained-attention capacity of young (21-29 years) and older (65-78 adults was examined using a high-event rate digit-discrimination vigilance task presented at three levels stimulus degradation. Increased degradation led to reduction in the hit greater decline over blocks (increased decrement). Sensitivity (d') declined only highest level Older had lower showed decrement than adults, particularly when stimuli were highly degraded. However, both age groups same pattern stability...
It was hypothesized that slowed visual search in healthy adult aging arises from reduced ability to adjust the size of attentional focus. A novel, cued-visual task manipulated scale spatial attention a complex field elderly individuals and patients with dementia Alzheimer type (DAT). Precues indicated varying validity location area be searched. Location precues exerted strongest effects on conjunction weakest feature search. As valid cues decreased, facilitated. These declined progressively...
Abstract The brain mechanisms mediating visuospatial attention were investigated by recording event‐related potentials (ERPs) during a line‐orientation discrimination task. Nonpredictive peripheral cues used to direct participant's involuntarily spatial location. earliest attentional modulation was observed in the P1 component (peak latency about 130 ms), with valid trials eliciting larger than invalid trials. Moreover, modulations on both amplitude and of N1 components had different pattern...