Five ruminally and duodenally fistulated Angus x Hereford cows were used in a 5 Latin square to monitor intake, ruminal fermentation responses, site extent of digestion associated with providing increasing amounts supplemental degradable intake protein (DIP). Cows had ad libitum access low-quality, tallgrass-prairie forage (1.9% CP, 77% NDF) that was fed twice daily. The DIP (sodium caseinate; 90% CP) infused intraruminally at 0630 1830 immediately before feeding forage. Levels 0, 180, 360,...

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of supplemental protein vs energy level on dormant forage intake and utilization. In Exp. 1, 16 ruminally cannulated steers blocked by weight (avg wt = 242 kg) assigned randomly a negative control or one three isocaloric supplement treatments fed at .4% BW: 1) control, no (NS); 2) 12% CP, low (LP); 3) 28% moderate (MP); 4) 41% high (HP). 2 3, 332 kg, 2; 401 x factorial arrangement treatments. The contrasted (LP) (HP) levels (.66 g CP/kg BW...

Three independent experiments were conducted each using 16 ruminally fistulated beef steers fed bermudagrass (8.2% CP, 71% NDF; Exp. 1), bromegrass (5.9% 65% 2), or forage sorghum (4.3% 60% 3) hays to evaluate the effects of increasing level supplemental degradable intake protein (DIP) on utilization. In experiment, blocked by weight and assigned one four treatments, hay was offered steer at 130% average voluntary for preceding 5-d period. Supplemental DIP (sodium caseinate) placed in rumen...

Three experiments evaluated whether effects of altered frequency supplementation on forage use and cow performance depended supplement CP concentration (or) grain type when fed to cattle eating low-quality forages. All included (daily = 7x; three times weekly 3x) as one factor in a factorialized arrangement treatments. In Exp. 1 2, the second was (10, 20, 30, 40% CP), by changing ratio soybean meal sorghum supplements. Supplements were at 13.9 14.1 kg DM/wk for respectively. 3, (sorghum or...

ABSTRACT Relationships of forage nutritive value (NVAL) and quantity with individual animal performance on pasture have long been evaluated, but there few attempts to describe the specific roles or relative importance NVAL in determining response. The objective this review was more clearly define these based a comprehensive assessment pastureland literature application meta‐analysis. It is clear that interact. When pastures present wide range mass, 60 90% variation average daily gain (ADG)...

Hereford x Angus steers were used in a 13-treatment, four-period, incomplete Latin square design to examine the effects of starch and degradable intake protein (DIP) supplements on forage utilization ruminal function. Steers given ad libitum access low-quality hay (4.9% CP) not supplemented (NS) or received different amounts (cornstarch grits; 0, .15, .3% initial BW) DIP (Na-caseinate; .03, .06, .09, .12% administered via fistulae 3 4 factorial arrangement treatments. Supplemented consumed...

Four multicannulated Holstein steers (initial BW 424 +/- 16 kg) were used in a 4 x Latin square to determine the influence of protein supplementation on forage intake, site and extent digestion, nutrient flow consuming dormant bluestem-range (2.3% CP). Treatments 1) control, no supplement; 2) 1.8 kg low-protein supplement, 12.8% CP (Low-CP); 3) moderate-protein 27.1% (Mod-CP); 4) 2.7 dehydrated alfalfa pellets, 17.5% (Dehy). The Dehy supplement was fed provide same amount CP/d as Mod-CP, all...

Two experiments evaluated effects of amount supplemental alfalfa hay on intake and utilization dormant, tallgrass-prairie forage by beef steers performance cows grazing tallgrass prairie during winter. In Exp. 1, four levels (.23, .47, .70, .94% BW•stee−1•d−1) were in a 34-d, randomized complete block design experiment using 16 (291 kg). Voluntary decreased linearly ( P = .02), whereas total DMI increased (P < .01) with alfalfa. Dry matter digestibility was unaffected >.10) treatment,...

In vivo and in situ protein degradation measurements were compared using alfalfa (2.62% N) prairie hay (.88% fed to six cannulated cows a two-period crossover experiment. Additionally, two procedures evaluated: P1 samples ruminally incubated the same forage as incubated; P2 rumens of steers "standard" brome (1.38% N). Duplicate bags for 0, 2, 6, 10, 16, 24, 48, 72 h. Protein degradability was estimated residual N from all incubation times fit nonlinear, least squares model (full...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of supplemental protein concentration on intake and utilization dormant range forage by beef cattle. In Exp. 1,97 pregnant Hereford x Angus cows (avg wt = 454 kg) assigned randomly three isocaloric treatment supplements: 1) low (LP), 13% CP; 2) moderate (MP), 25% 3) high (HP), 39% CP. 2, 15 ruminally 12 esophageally cannulated steers 319 355 kg, respectively) LP, MP HP treatments used in a 22-d winter grazing trial characteristics. 1,...

Ruminally fistulated steers (n = 13; 263 kg) were used in an incomplete Latin square with 13 treatments and four periods to evaluate the effects of level source supplemental carbohydrate (CHO) degradable intake protein (DIP) on utilization low-quality, tallgrass-prairie hay. Steers given ad libitum access forage (5.7% CP, 2.6% DIP, 74.9% NDF). The supplementation fashioned as a 2x3x2 factorial arrangement plus negative control (NC; no supplement). factors included two DIP levels (.031 .122%...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of slow-release urea (SRU) versus feed-grade on ruminal metabolite characteristics in steers and DMI, gain, G:F growing beef steers. Experiment 1 used 12 ruminally cannulated (529 +/- 16 kg BW) monitor behavior SRU environment. Compared with urea, decreased ammonia concentration (P = 0.02) tended increase urease activity 0.06) without affecting VFA molar proportions or total concentrations > 0.20). After 35 d feeding, situ degradation...

Direct-fed microbials (DFM) have been shown to improve gain and growth efficiency also modulate ruminal fermentation. In Exp. 1,72 beef steers were used compare a lactate-producing bacterial (LAB) DFM consisting primarily of Lactobacillus acidophilus Enterococcus faecium,and lactate-utilizing (LAB/LU) L. Propionibacterium both fed at 10(9) cfu/d. Steers corn-based finishing diet for 153 d then slaughtered collection carcass characteristics. 2, 12 ruminally cannulated acorn-based treated with...

Growing public interest in the use of cannabidiol (CBD) for companion animals has amplified need to elucidate potential impacts. The purpose this investigation was determine influence CBD on daily activity adult dogs. Twenty-four dogs (18.0 ± 3.4 kg, 9 months-4 years old) various mixed breeds were utilized a randomized complete block design with treatments targeted at 0 and 2.5 mg (LOW) 5.0 (HIGH) CBD/kg body weight (BW) per day split between two treats administered after twice-daily...

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of tall fescue hay maturity on intake, digestion, and ruminal fermentation responses different supplemental energy sources fed beef steers. Twelve ruminally cannulated, crossbred steers (initial BW = 228 ± 21 kg) were used in a split-plot with 3 × 4 factorial treatment arrangement. Steers assigned randomly three supplement treatments: 1) no supplement, 2) pelleted soybean hulls, or 3) coarse cracked corn. The second factor maturity:...

Four multiparous, ruminally fistulated Angus x Hereford cows (average BW = 568 kg) were bred to the same bull and used monitor periparturient changes in DMI, ruminal capacity, digestion fermentation characteristics. Cows individually fed alfalfa hay (16.0% CP, 51.3% NDF) at 130% of average DMI previous 5-d period. Ruminal capacity DM fill measured once every 2 wk by removing contents from each cow filling empty rumen with water. Dry matter intake was daily. VFA, pH, NH3, total tract...

The traditional means of tracking animal location in a field is by visual observation. Not only this method laborintensive, it also prone to error as the observer can alter cattle movement, observation periods are often too short obtainconfidence general daily behavior patterns, and fatigue becomes an issue. In 1990s, University Kentuckybegan using GPS collars on track their position with goal incorporating information into managementpractices. One key unanswered questions regarding accuracy...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of slow-release urea (SRU) versus feed-grade on portal-drained visceral (PDV) nutrient flux, digestibility, and total N balance in beef steers. Multi-catheterized steers used determine intraruminal dosing (Exp. 1; n = 4; 319 +/- 5 kg BW) or feeding 2; 10; 4 Holstein 236 43 BW 6 Angus 367 46 SRU PDV flux blood variables for 10 h after dosing. Intraruminal 1) prevented rapid increase ruminal ammonia concentrations that occurred with...

The objective of this study was to determine if in vitro methodologies developed for the Ankom Daisy(II) incubator could produce accurate estimates vivo equine DM digestibility (DMD) and NDF (NDFD) when feces were used as inoculum source. Four mature geldings utilized a 4 × Latin square design experiment with 2 factorial arrangement dietary treatments (timothy hay, alfalfa timothy hay plus oats, oats), which individually housed fed. During each 5-d total fecal collection period, collected...

Animals with excitable temperaments often have decreased gains that been associated intake and efficiency. Different temperament measures probably measure different specific underlying traits. Commonly used include both objective subjective measures. Subjective present potential difficulties for making across-study comparisons thus generalizing quantitative relationships. One of this experiment was to evaluate 2 related, but different, temperament, where 1 is a new, measurement based on the...

The effects of cattle grazing on stream stability have been well documented for the western portion U.S.,but are lacking east. Stream and riparian damage resulting from can include alterations in watershedhydrology, changes to morphology, soil compaction erosion, destruction vegetation, water qualityimpairments. However, few studies examined successes best management practices (BMPs) mitigating theseeffects. objective this project was assess ability two common BMPs reduce streambank erosion...