Despite decades of research on spatial memory, we know surprisingly little about how the brain guides navigation to goals. While some models argue that vectors are represented for navigational guidance, other postulate future path is computed. Although hippocampal formation has been implicated in processing goal information, it remains unclear whether this region processes path- or vector-related information.We report neuroimaging data collected from subjects navigating London's Soho...

Abstract Topological networks lie at the heart of our cities and social milieu. However, it remains unclear how when brain processes topological structures to guide future behaviour during everyday life. Using fMRI in humans a simulation London (UK), here we show that, specifically new streets are entered navigation city, right posterior hippocampal activity indexes change number local connections available for travel anterior reflects global properties street entered. When forced detours...

Objective: This study examined effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and orbitofrontal (OFC) on major executive functions (EFs), including response inhibition, control, working memory (WM), cognitive flexibility/task switching in ADHD. Method: ADHD children received (a) left anodal/right cathodal DLPFC tDCS (b) sham Experiment 1 anodal DLPFC/right OFC tDCS, (c) 2. The intensity was mA for 15 min with a 72-hr interval between...

Recent research indicates the hippocampus may code distance to goal during navigation of newly learned environments. It is unclear however, whether this also pertains highly familiar environments where extensive systems-level consolidation thought have transformed mnemonic representations. Here we recorded fMRI while University College London and Imperial students navigated virtual simulations their own campus (>2 years exposure) other days before scanning. Posterior hippocampal activity...

Theories of decision-making and its neural substrates have long assumed the existence two distinct competing valuation systems, variously described as goal-directed versus habitual, or, more recently based on statistical arguments, model-free model-based reinforcement-learning. Though both been shown to control choices, cognitive abilities associated with these systems are under ongoing investigation. Here we examine link abilities, find that individual differences in processing speed covary...

Mobile eye-tracking in external environments remains challenging, despite recent advances software and hardware engineering. Many current methods fail to deal with the vast range of outdoor lighting conditions speed at which these can change. This confines experiments artificial where must be tightly controlled. Additionally, emergence low-cost eye tracking devices calls for development analysis tools that enable non-technical researchers process output their images. We have developed a fast...

As London taxi drivers acquire "the knowledge" and develop a detailed cognitive map of London, their posterior hippocampi (pHPC) gradually increase in volume, reflecting an increasing pHPC/aHPC volume ratio. In the mnemonic domain, greater ratios young adults have been found to relate better recollection ability, indicating that balance between pHPC aHPC volumes might be reflective cross-domain individual differences. Here, we examined participants' self-reported use map-based navigational...

This paper describes a prototype and analytical studies of spherical rolling robot, new design an omnidirectional robot system. The can arbitrarily begin to move in any direction the target, autonomously roll reach desired position. Our considers with internal mechanism for propulsion. propulsion distributes weights radially along spokes fixed inside sphere enables accelerate, decelerate, constant velocity. A mathematical model robot's dynamic motion is instructed. An algorithmic planning...

How do humans perceive the passage of time and duration events without a dedicated sensory system for timing? Previous studies have demonstrated that when stimulus changes over time, its is subjectively dilated, indicating judgments are based on number within an interval. In this study, we tested predictions derived from three different accounts describing relation between changing subjective as either (1) objective rate stimulus, (2) perceived saliency changes, or (3) neural energy expended...

There is strong evidence that magnitudes in different dimensions can interfere. A majority of previous studies on the interaction temporal numerosity showed no interfering effect, while many have reported interference judgement magnitudes. We speculated this one-way confounded by used studies. a methodology allowed us to study reciprocally. Moreover, we selected for two enabled detect their effects. Participants had either judge which successive sets items was more numerous (numerosity...

Abstract It has been suggested that adolescents process rewards differently from adults, both cognitively and affectively. In an fMRI study we recorded brain BOLD activity of (age range = 14–15 years) adults 20–39 to investigate the developmental changes in reward processing decision-making. a probabilistic reversal learning task, adapted contingencies. We used reinforcement model with adaptive rate for each trial adolescents' adults' behavior. Results showed possessed shallower slope...

The science of dreaming constitutes a relevant topic in modern-day neuroscientific research and provides major insights into the study human consciousness. Linking specific, universal, regularly occurring stages sleep with encourages direct systematic investigation that has fascinated humankind for centuries. In this review, we explore to what extent individuals dream during periods rapid eye movement non-rapid sleep, introduce on lucid dreaming. We then discuss how different varies terms...

The ability to estimate distance and time spatial goals is fundamental for survival. In cases where a region of space must be navigated around reach location (circumnavigation), the along path greater than straight-line Euclidean distance. To explore how such circumnavigation impacts on estimates time, we tested participants their travel learned destinations in virtual town. Estimates approximately linear routes were compared with requiring circumnavigation. For all routes, times...

Identifying individuals with early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) can be an effective strategy for diagnosis and delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many approaches have been devised to discriminate those EMCI from healthy control (HC) individuals. Selection most parameters has one challenging aspects these approaches. In this study we suggest optimization method based on five evolutionary algorithms that used in neuroimaging data a large number parameters. Resting-state...

This paper describes a prototype and analytical studies of spherical rolling robot, new design an omnidirectional robot system. The can arbitrarily begin to move in any direction the target, autonomously roll reach desired position. Our has considered with internal mechanism for propulsion. propulsion will distribute weights radially along spokes fixed inside sphere enables accelerate, decelerate, constant velocity. A mathematical model robot’s dynamic motion was instructed. An algorithmic...

Adaptation aftereffects have been found for low-level visual features such as colour, motion and shape perception, well higher-level gender, race identity in domains faces biological motion. It is not yet clear if adaptation effects humans extend beyond this set of higher order features. The aim study was to investigate whether objects highly associated with one e.g. high heels females or electric shavers males can modulate gender perception a face. In two separate experiments, we adapted...

Declarative memory recall is thought to involve the reinstatement of neural activity patterns that occurred previously during encoding. Consistent with this view, greater similarity between recorded encoding and retrieval has been found predict better performance in a number studies. Recent models have argued oscillations may be crucial for successful retrieval. However, date, no causal evidence provided support theory, nor impact oscillatory electrical brain stimulation assessed. To explore...