Animals with a high rate of innovative and associative-based behavior usually have large brains. New Caledonian (NC) crows stand out due to their tool manufacture, generalized problem-solving abilities an extremely degree encephalization. It is generally assumed that this increased brain size the ability process, associate memorize diverse stimuli, thereby enhancing propensity invent new complex behaviors in adaptive ways. However, premise lacks firm empirical support since encephalization...

The avian brain displays a different architecture compared to mammals. This has led the first pioneers of comparative neuroanatomy wrong conclusions about bird evolution by assuming that telencephalon is hypertrophied striatum. Based on growing evidence from divers analysis demonstrating most forebrain pallial in nature, this view substantially changed during past decades. Further, birds show cognitive abilities comparable or even exceeding those some mammals, without "six-layered" cortex....

Homing pigeons (Columba livia f.d.) are well-known for their homing abilities, and brains seem to be functionally adapted as exemplified, e.g. by larger hippocampi olfactory bulbs. Their hippocampus size is influenced navigational experience, and, in other birds, functional specialisation of the left right hemispheres ('lateralisation') occurs pigeons. To show what way lateralisation reflected brain structure volume, whether some or asymmetry caused we compared with without experience...

The estrogen estradiol-17ß is known as one of the major gonadal steroid hormones with different functions in reproduction. In this study we analyzed concentration laying hens four pure bred chicken lines at time intervals period (17th–19th week age, 33rd–35th 49th–51st and 72nd age). high performing white egg (WLA) brown (BLA) layer well low (R11) (L68) were kept both single cages a floor housing system. We investigated whether there differences estradiol -17ß concentrations between ages...

In the avian brain, adult neurogenesis has been reported in telencephalon of several species, but functional significance this trait is still ambiguous. Homing pigeons ( Columba livia f.d.) are well-known for their navigational skills. Their brains functionally adapted to homing with, e.g., larger hippocampi. So far, no comprehensive mapping neuro- and gliogenesis or studies different developmental neuronal stages exists, although analyses various species surely will result a higher...

During domestication, many different chicken breeds have been developed that show alterations compared with their wild ancestors and large variability in parameters such as body size, coloring, behavior, even brain morphology. Among the breeds, one can differentiate between commercial noncommercial strains, strains do not usually high but exhibit a production rate of eggs (or meat). The breeding high-performing laying hens, including housing conditions is often focus concern for animal...

The relationship between domestication and evolution is still a matter of discussion. In this review, we present some arguments for the assumption that could be seen as an evolutionary process including possibility new species might evolve. course domestication, many breeds have been developed which show numerous alterations in different parameters such body size, coloring, habitat, behavior, brain size composition. Here, would like to give overview particularly about varieties (brain)...

Homing pigeons develop preferred routes when released alone several times from the same site, but they sometimes diverge their route subsequently with another pigeon. Additionally, group flights show a better homing performance than solo flights. But this knowledge is based on studies involving both sexes and lacks analyses of social parameters such as mating or breeding status, even though it known that have an influence behavior motivation for specific behavioral patterns. GPS trackers...

Homing pigeons are known for their excellent homing ability, and brains seem to be functionally adapted homing. It is that with navigational experience show a larger hippocampus also more lateralised brain than without experience. So we hypothesized may have an influence on orientation ability. We examined two groups of (11 17 without) in standard operant chamber touch screen monitor showing 2-D schematic rectangular environment (as "geometric" information) one uniquely shaped colored...

Introduction Crested chickens show abnormalities in their anatomy of the skull, endocranium, and brain (including cerebral elongation) can be appropriate model systems for neuroanatomical evolution, brain–skull integration, skull deformities. Here, we give a detailed comprehensive description crested using example Padovana chicken, including ontogenetic aspects an allometric analysis size. Methods In total, 109 two different strains chicken were hatched together. All animals X-rayed weekly...

Abstract Das hervorragende Heimfindevermögen von Brieftauben beschäftigt sowohl Wissenschaftler als auch Züchter, die ihre Tiere an Wettflügen teilnehmen lassen. ziehen unter anderem einen Sonnenkompass, das Erdmagnetfeld, Landmarken und Geruchsinformationen zur Heimfindung heran. Auch spielen Erfahrung Motivation eine große Rolle. Durch intensive Selektion durch den Menschen hat sich Brieftaube zu einem Tier entwickelt, welches optimal in seinen Gehirn‐ Flugleistungen Absolvieren...

The brain of homing pigeons seems to be functionally adapted with e.g., larger hippocampi and olfactory bulbs. Furthermore, functional lateralization occurs as well in pigeons. Recently, the investigation influence navigational experience on composition revealed compared inexperienced Additionally, there are several structures that show a volumetrical lateralization, whereas more lateralized than without experience. This gives insights neuronal basis orientation development general but...