Computational thinking (CT) is broadly defined as the mental activity for abstracting problems and formulating solutions that can be automated. In an increasingly information-based society, CT becoming essential skill everyone. To ensure students develop this ability at K-12 level, it important to provide teachers with adequate knowledge about how incorporate into their teaching. This article describes a study on designing introducing computational modules assessing impact preservice...

The increased push for teaching computer science (CS) in schools the United States requires training a large number of new K-12 teachers. current efforts to increase CS teachers have predominantly focused on from other content areas. In order support these beginning teachers, we need better understand their experiences and challenges encountered classroom. This study investigated U.S. teachers' perspectives demands needed ensure quality teaching. Results suggested that face challenges,...

Moving object environments are characterized by large numbers of moving objects and numerous concurrent continuous queries over these objects. Efficient evaluation in response to the movement is critical for supporting acceptable times. In such environments, traditional approach building an index on (data) suffers from need frequent updates thereby results poor performance. fact, a brute force, no-index strategy yields better performance many cases. Neither nor force achieve reasonable query...

In this paper, we study a peer-to-peer media streaming system with the following characteristics: (1) its capacity grows dynamically; (2) peers do not exhibit server-like behavior; (3) are heterogeneous in their bandwidth contribution; and (4) each session may involve multiple supplying peers. Based on these characteristics, investigate two problems: how to assign data one quickly amplify system's total capacity. Our solution first problem is an optimal assignment algorithm OTS/sub p2p/,...

As computational thinking becomes a fundamental skill for the 21st century, K-12 teachers should be exposed to computing principles. This paper describes implementation and evaluation of module in required course elementary secondary education majors. We summarize results from open-ended multiple-choice questionnaires given both before after assess students' attitudes toward understanding thinking. The suggest that relevant information about thinking, computer science more favorable they...

Uncertainty in categorical data is commonplace many applications, including cleaning, database integration, and biological annotation. In such domains, the correct value of an attribute often unknown, but may be selected from a reasonable number alternatives. Current management systems do not provide convenient means for representing or manipulating this type uncertainty. paper we extend traditional to explicitly handle uncertainty values. We propose two index structures efficiently...

This paper describes the development and initial evaluation of a new course ``Introduction to Computational Thinking'' taken by science majors fulfill college computing requirement. The was developed computer faculty in collaboration with it focuses on role computational principles scientific inquiry. It uses Python libraries teach thinking via basic programming concepts, data management simulation, visualization. Problems aspect are drawn from different disciplines complemented lectures...

The inherent uncertainty of data present in numerous applications such as sensor databases, text annotations, and information retrieval motivate the need to handle imprecise at database level. Uncertainty can be attribute or tuple level is both continuous discrete domains. This paper presents a model for handling arbitrary probabilistic uncertain (both continuous) natively Our approach leads natural efficient representation data. We develop that consistent with possible worlds semantics...

Orion is a state-of-the-art uncertain database management system with built-in support for probabilistic data as first class types. In contrast to other databases, supports both attribute and tuple uncertainty arbitrary correlations. This enables the engine handle discrete continuous pdfs in natural accurate manner. The underlying model closed under basic relational operators consistent Possible Worlds Semantics. We demonstrate how simplifies design enhances capabilities of two example...

This paper describes the development and initial evaluation of a new course ``Introduction to Computational Thinking'' taken by science majors fulfill college computing requirement. The was developed computer faculty in collaboration with it focuses on role computational principles scientific inquiry. It uses Python libraries teach thinking via basic programming concepts, data management simulation, visualization. Problems aspect are drawn from different disciplines complemented lectures...

The new Advanced Placement (AP) Computer Science (CS) Principles course increases the need for quality CS teachers and thus professional development (PD). This article presents results of a 2-year study investigating how teaching AP first time used online PD material. Our showed that computing background had significant impact on teachers' use More specifically, novice needed developing their pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Non-CS materials emphasizing knowledge. Experienced believed...

Across North America, universities and colleges are facing a significant increase in enrollment both undergraduate computer science (CS) courses programs. The current surge has exceeded previous CS booms, there is general sense that the growth substantially different from of mid-1980s late 1990s. For example, since 1990s, U.S. Bureau Labor data shows number jobs where computing skills needed on an upward slope [1], illustrating increased reliance our society computing. We also know more...

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This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of a program that uses active recruiting peer-led team learning to try increase participation success women minority students in undergraduate computer science. These strategies were applied at eight universities starting fall 2004. There have been some impressive results: We succeeded attracting under-represented who would not otherwise taken CS course.Evaluation shows our significantly improves retention rates grades, especially for...

The current efforts to expand computer science (CS) education in K-12 schools, such as the “CS for All” initiative, highlight need all students get an opportunity study computing. However, recent research has shown, diversity computing at level remains problematic, and additional is needed look how learning environments can impact minority student interest retention CS. In this article, we report results from in-depth qualitative of high school teachers’ perspective on barriers increasing...

A quality computer science (CS) teacher needs to understand students’ common misconceptions in learning CS. This study explored one aspect of CS teachers’ understanding student misconceptions: their perceptions related introductory programming. Perceptions this included three parts: perceived frequency a misconception, importance misconception learning, and confidence addressing misconception. Teachers our taught Python-based course for high schools students. survey was designed administered...

This paper presents a general methodology for the efficient parallelization of existing data cube construction algorithms. We describe two different partitioning strategies, one top-down and bottom-up Both strategies assign subcubes to individual processors in such way that loads assigned are balanced. Our methods reduce inter processor communication overhead by load advance instead computing each group-by parallel. create small number coarse tasks. allows sharing prefixes sort orders...

We consider routing models that consist of L layers in which each layer can contain horizontal and vertical wires up to k on different are allowed run top other. Within this overlap model we study the relationship between channel width, number contact points, amount used for n two-terminal nets across a channel. For ≤ [L/2] - 2 show how solve problem using [d/k] + 1 tracks, is only one track more than optimal width. extend algorithm values range +1. also present algorithms 3- 4-layer with...

This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of a program that uses active recruiting peer-led team learning to try increase participation success women minority students in undergraduate computer science. These strategies were applied at eight universities starting fall 2004. There have been some impressive results: We succeeded attracting under-represented who would not otherwise taken CS course. Evaluation shows our significantly improves retention rates grades, especially for...