A5029083577- Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
- Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Geophysics and Sensor Technology
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Mechanical and Optical Resonators
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
- Radiology practices and education
- Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
- Space exploration and regulation
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
- Strong Light-Matter Interactions
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2020-2025
IIT@MIT
2022
California Institute of Technology
2011-2020
University of California, Santa Barbara
2014-2015
This Horizon Study describes a next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave observatory: Cosmic Explorer. With ten times the sensitivity of Advanced LIGO, Explorer will push astronomy towards edge observable universe ($z \sim 100$). The goals this are to describe and evaluate design concepts for Explorer; plan United States' leadership in astronomy; envisage role international effort build "Third-Generation" (3G) observatory network that make discoveries transformative across astronomy,...
Quantum noise imposes a fundamental limitation on the sensitivity of interferometric gravitational-wave detectors like LIGO, manifesting as shot and quantum radiation pressure noise. Here, we present first realization frequency-dependent squeezing in full-scale detectors, resulting reduction both noise, with broadband detector enhancement from tens hertz to several kilohertz. In LIGO Hanford detector, reduced amplitude by factor 1.6 (4.0 dB) near 1 kHz; Livingston was 1.9 (5.8 dB). These...
We present the astrophysical science case for a space-based, decihertz gravitational-wave (GW) detector. particularly highlight an ability to infer source's sky location, both when combined with network of ground-based detectors form long triangulation baseline, and by itself early warning merger events. Such accurate location measurement is key using GW signals as standard sirens constraining Hubble constant. This kind detector also opens up possibility test type Ia supernovae progenitor...
Abstract Ground-based gravitational-wave detectors like Cosmic Explorer (CE) can be tuned to improve their sensitivity at high or low frequencies by tuning the response of signal extraction cavity. Enhanced above 2 kHz enables measurements post-merger spectrum from binary neutron star mergers, which depends critically on unknown equation state hot, ultra-dense matter. Improved below 500 Hz favors precision tests extreme gravity with black hole ringdown signals and improves detection...
Cosmic Explorer is a next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave observatory concept, envisioned to begin operation in the 2030s and expected be capable of observing binary neutron star black hole mergers back time first stars. Explorer's sensitive band will extend below 10 Hz, where design predominantly limited by geophysical, thermal, quantum noises. In this work, seismic, gravity-gradient, quantum, residual gas, scattered-light, servo-control noises are analyzed order motivate...
Abstract Gravitational-wave observations by the laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO) and Virgo have provided us a new tool to explore Universe on all scales from nuclear physics cosmos massive potential further impact fundamental physics, astrophysics, cosmology for decades come. In this paper we studied science capabilities of network LIGO detectors when they reach their best possible sensitivity, called A <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...
The ground-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors LIGO and Virgo have enabled the birth of multi-messenger GW astronomy via detection GWs from merging stellar-mass black holes (BHs) neutron stars (NSs). GW170817, first binary NS merger detected in all bands electromagnetic spectrum, is an outstanding example impact that discoveries can on astronomy. Yet, GW170817 only one many varied sources be unveiled using detectors. In this contribution, we summarize key open questions astrophysics BHs...
The detection of gravitational waves from compact binary mergers by LIGO has opened the era wave astronomy, revealing a previously hidden side cosmos.To maximize reach existing observatory facilities, we have designed new instrument able to detect at distances 5 times further away than possible with Advanced LIGO, or greater 100 event rate.Observations this will make dramatic steps toward understanding physics nearby universe, as well observing universe out cosmological black hole...
Cosmic Explorer is a next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave observatory that being designed in the 2020s and envisioned to begin operations 2030s together with Einstein Telescope Europe. The concept currently consists of two widely separated L-shaped observatories United States, one 40 km-long arms other 20 arms. This order magnitude increase scale respect LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA will, technological improvements, deliver an greater astronomical reach, allowing access gravitational waves...
Precision measurements of space and time, like those made by the detectors Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO), are often confronted with fundamental limitations imposed quantum mechanics. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle dictates that position momentum an object cannot both be precisely measured, giving rise to apparent limitation called Standard Quantum Limit (SQL). Reducing noise below SQL in gravitational-wave detectors, where photons used continuously measure...
Recent work on ultracold polar molecules, governed by a generalization of the $t$-$J$ Hamiltonian, suggests that molecules may be better suited than atoms for studying $d$-wave superfluidity due to stronger interactions and larger tunability system. We compute phase diagram in checkerboard lattice consisting weakly coupled square plaquettes. In simplest experimentally realizable case where there is only tunneling an $XX$-type spin-spin interaction, we identify parameter regime occurs. also...
The ground-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors LIGO and Virgo have enabled the birth of multi-messenger GW astronomy via detection GWs from merging stellar-mass black holes (BHs) neutron stars (NSs). GW170817, first binary NS merger detected in all bands electromagnetic spectrum, is an outstanding example impact that discoveries can on astronomy. Yet, GW170817 only one many varied sources be unveiled using detectors. In this contribution, we summarize key open questions astrophysics BHs...
The next generation of gravitational-wave observatories can explore a wide range fundamental physics phenomena throughout the history universe. These include access to universe's binary black hole population cosmic time, expansion independent distance ladders, stochastic gravitational-waves from early-universe phase transitions, warped space-time in strong-field and high-velocity limit, equation state nuclear matter at neutron star post-merger densities, dark candidates through their...
The sensitivity of future gravitational wave interferometers is expected to be limited through-out the detection band by quantum vacuum fluctuations, which can reduced non-demolition methods such as squeezed injection. However, optical losses in readout chainseverely limit effectiveness schemes. We propose an optomechanical device installedat output detector that mitigates effect loss, thus allowing tobetter exploit noise evasion
Cardy has recently observed that certain carefully tuned states of 1+1 CFTs on a timelike strip are periodic with period set by the light-crossing time. The in question defined Euclidean time evolution conformal boundary associated particular conditions imposed edges strip. We explain this behavior, and lack thermalization, showing such Lorentz-signature transformations ground state. Taking long-strip limit implies used to model thermalization Minkowski plane admit non-thermal extensions...
Recent works have related the bulk first law of black hole mechanics to entanglement in a dual CFT. These are order relations, and receive corrections for finite changes. In particular, latter is naively expected be accurate only small changes quantum state. But when Newton's constant relative AdS scale, former holds good approximation even classical perturbations that contain many quanta. This suggests -- appropriate states suppressed by powers $N$ CFTs whose correlators satisfy 't Hooft...
Modern optomechanical systems employ increasingly sophisticated quantum-mechanical states of light to probe and manipulate mechanical motion. Squeezed are now used routinely enhance the sensitivity gravitational-wave interferometers small external forces, they also in feedback-based trapping damping experiments on same achievable cooling phonon occupation number differential test mass mode (arXiv:2102.12665). In this latter context, an accurate accounting true motion, incorporating all...
High-quality optical resonant cavities require low loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants resonator mirrors that absorb light circulating in cavity can deform surface thermoelastically and thus increase losses by scattering out mode. The point absorber effect is a limiting factor some high-power experiments, for example, Advanced LIGO gravitational-wave detector. In this Letter, we present general approach to from first principles...